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Francisco de Goya
Francisco de Goya

Francisco de Goya

Spanish, 1746 - 1828
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Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries and throughout his long career was a commentator and chronicler of his era. Immensely successful in his lifetime, Goya is often referred to as both the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns. He was also one of the great portraitists of his time.

Goya was born to a lower-middle-class family in 1746, in Fuendetodos in Aragon. He studied painting from age 14 under José Luzán y Martinez and moved to Madrid to study with Anton Raphael Mengs. He married Josefa Bayeu in 1773; their life was characterised by an almost constant series of pregnancies and miscarriages, and only one child, a son, survived into adulthood. Goya became a court painter to the Spanish Crown in 1786 and this early portion of his career is marked by portraits of the Spanish aristocracy and royalty, and Rococo-style tapestry cartoons designed for the royal palace.

He was guarded, and although letters and writings survive, little is known about his thoughts. He suffered a severe and undiagnosed illness in 1793 which left him deaf, after which his work became progressively darker and pessimistic. His later easel and mural paintings, prints and drawings appear to reflect a bleak outlook on personal, social and political levels, and contrast with his social climbing. He was appointed Director of the Royal Academy in 1795, the year Manuel Godoy made an unfavorable treaty with France. In 1799, Goya became Primer Pintor de Cámara (Prime Court Painter), the highest rank for a Spanish court painter. In the late 1790s, commissioned by Godoy, he completed his La maja desnuda, a remarkably daring nude for the time and clearly indebted to Diego Velázquez. In 1800–01 he painted Charles IV of Spain and His Family, also influenced by Velázquez.

In 1807, Napoleon led the French army into the Peninsular War against Spain. Goya remained in Madrid during the war, which seems to have affected him deeply. Although he did not speak his thoughts in public, they can be inferred from his Disasters of War series of prints (although published 35 years after his death) and his 1814 paintings The Second of May 1808 and The Third of May 1808. Other works from his mid-period include the Caprichos and Los Disparates etching series, and a wide variety of paintings concerned with insanity, mental asylums, witches, fantastical creatures and religious and political corruption, all of which suggest that he feared for both his country's fate and his own mental and physical health.

His late period culminates with the Black Paintings of 1819–1823, applied on oil on the plaster walls of his house the Quinta del Sordo (House of the Deaf Man) where, disillusioned by political and social developments in Spain, he lived in near isolation. Goya eventually abandoned Spain in 1824 to retire to the French city of Bordeaux, accompanied by his much younger maid and companion, Leocadia Weiss, who may or may not have been his lover. There he completed his La Tauromaquia series and a number of other, major, canvases.

Following a stroke which left him paralyzed on his right side, and suffering failing eyesight and poor access to painting materials, he died and was buried on 16 April 1828 aged 82. His body was later re-interred in the Real Ermita de San Antonio de la Florida in Madrid. Famously, the skull was missing, a detail the Spanish consul immediately communicated to his superiors in Madrid, who wired back, "Send Goya, with or without head."

241 items

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Autumn

Autumn (1786)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Bartolomé Sureda y Miserol

Bartolomé Sureda y Miserol (c. 1803-1804)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Boy on a Ram

Boy on a Ram (1786)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Don Antonio Noriega

Don Antonio Noriega (1801)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Friar Pedro Binds El Maragato with a Rope

Friar Pedro Binds El Maragato with a Rope (c. 1806)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Friar Pedro Shoots El Maragato as His Horse Runs Off

Friar Pedro Shoots El Maragato as His Horse Runs Off (c. 1806)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
María Teresa de Borbón y Vallabriga,later Condesa de Chinchón

María Teresa de Borbón y Vallabriga,later Condesa de Chinchón (1783)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Señora Sabasa Garcia

Señora Sabasa Garcia (c. 1806-1811)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
The Marquesa de Pontejos

The Marquesa de Pontejos (c. 1786)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Thérèse Louise de Sureda

Thérèse Louise de Sureda (c. 1803-1804)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Victor Guye

Victor Guye (1810)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Young Lady Wearing a Mantilla and Basquina

Young Lady Wearing a Mantilla and Basquina (c. 1800-1805)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Madhouse

Madhouse (after 1794)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Poetry and Poets

Poetry and Poets

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Mythology
The Sabbath of witches

The Sabbath of witches (1797-98)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Mythology
Winter Scene

Winter Scene (c. 1786)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Landscape
Le Marchand De Marionnettes

Le Marchand De Marionnettes

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Portrait Of Mariano Goya, The Artist’s Grandson

Portrait Of Mariano Goya, The Artist’s Grandson (1827)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Self-Portrait

Self-Portrait

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Bullfight, Suerte de Varas

Bullfight, Suerte de Varas

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Manuel Quijano

Manuel Quijano (1815)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Portrait of Martín Zapater

Portrait of Martín Zapater (1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Portrait of Senora Ceán Bermudez

Portrait of Senora Ceán Bermudez

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Portrait of the Marquesa de Santiago

Portrait of the Marquesa de Santiago

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Portrait of the Matador Pedro Romero

Portrait of the Matador Pedro Romero (1795-1798)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Portrait of the Poet Moratín

Portrait of the Poet Moratín (1824)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
The Water Carrier

The Water Carrier

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Still Life With Golden Bream

Still Life With Golden Bream

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Still Life
Act of Violence against Two Women

Act of Violence against Two Women (1810 – 1812)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Portrait of Don Juan Antonio Cuervo

Portrait of Don Juan Antonio Cuervo (1819)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Saint Ambrose

Saint Ambrose (c. 1796-1799)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Religion
Dona Amalia Bonells de Costa

Dona Amalia Bonells de Costa (ca. 1805)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Vicente Maria De Vera De Aragon, Duque De La Roca

Vicente Maria De Vera De Aragon, Duque De La Roca (ca. 1795)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Portrait of Don Ramón Satué

Portrait of Don Ramón Satué (1823)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
The Third of May 1808

The Third of May 1808 (1814)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
The Charge of the Mamelukes

The Charge of the Mamelukes (1814)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Witches’ Flight

Witches’ Flight (1798)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Mythology
Bullfight in a Divided Ring

Bullfight in a Divided Ring

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Condesa de Altamira and Her Daughter, María Agustina

Condesa de Altamira and Her Daughter, María Agustina (1787–88)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
El tío Paquete

El tío Paquete (1819-1820)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Ferdinand VII (1784–1833), When Prince of Asturias

Ferdinand VII (1784–1833), When Prince of Asturias

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Ignacio Garcini y Queralt (1752–1825), Brigadier of Engineers

Ignacio Garcini y Queralt (1752–1825), Brigadier of Engineers (1804)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
José Costa y Bonells (died l870), Called Pepito

José Costa y Bonells (died l870), Called Pepito (ca. 1810)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Majas on a Balcony

Majas on a Balcony (ca. 1800–1810)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zuñiga (1784–1792)

Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zuñiga (1784–1792) (1787–88)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Narcisa Barañana de Goicoechea

Narcisa Barañana de Goicoechea

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Portrait of Félix Colón de Larriátegui

Portrait of Félix Colón de Larriátegui (1794)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Sebastián Martínez y Pérez (1747–1800)

Sebastián Martínez y Pérez (1747–1800) (1792)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Tiburcio Pérez y Cuervo (1785–1841), the Architect

Tiburcio Pérez y Cuervo (1785–1841), the Architect (1820)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
3 Bll. aus ‘Los Proverbios’

3 Bll. aus ‘Los Proverbios’ (1815-1823)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
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