Thomas James Mulvany was an Irish painter and keeper of the Royal Hibernian Academy.

Mulvany was an exhibitor with the Dublin Society of Artists, at the rooms of the Dublin Society in Hawkins Street, Dublin, in May 1809. When the Dublin Society disposed of their premises in 1819, the artists were left without a place for exhibition. Mulvany, together with his brother, John George Mulvany (also a painter), was active in advocating for a charter of incorporation to the artists of Ireland. A charter was obtained in 1823 and the Royal Hibernian Academy founded under the presidency of Francis Johnston; Mulvany and his brother were two of the 14 academics first elected.

Subsequently Mulvany became keeper of the Academy in 1841. He died in 1845.

Mulvany wrote for The Citizen on Irish artists. During the last years of his life, Mulvany was employed in editing the Life of James Gandon. The book was published in 1846. It was based on papers of James Gandon the younger, and Maurice James Craig also edited the work.

Mulvany married Mary Field, and they had seven children, the eldest being William Thomas Mulvany. Their son George Francis Mulvany (1809–1869), also practised as a painter. He succeeded his father as keeper of the Royal Hibernian Academy, and in 1854 he was elected the first director of the newly founded National Gallery of Ireland. The fourth son John Skipton Mulvany was known as an architect.