Marie-Victoire Lemoine was a French classicist painter.
Born in Paris, Marie-Victoire Lemoine was the eldest daughter of Charles Lemoine and Marie-Anne Rousselle. Her sisters, Marie-Denise Villers and Marie-Élisabeth Gabiou, also became painters. However, unlike her sisters, she remained unmarried and became one of the few women in contemporary art that made a living through painting.

She was a student of François-Guillaume Ménageot in the early 1770s, with whom she lived and worked in a house acquired by the art dealer Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Lebrun, next to the studio of Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun (1755–1842), France's leading woman painter. From 1779, Marie-Victoire Lemoine lived in her parents' home until she moved in with her sister Marie-Elisabeth, where she remained even after her sister's death. She died six years after her last exhibition, aged sixty-six.

Marie-Victoire Lemoine mainly painted portraits, miniatures, and genre scenes. She took part in numerous Salons, for example Pahin de la Blancherie's Salon de Correspondance in 1779, where she exhibited a portrait of the Princess Lamballe (57 x 45 cm). Following this salon, she continued to display her works of art to the public in the salons of 1796, 1798, 1799, 1802, 1804 and 1814.