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Vilhelm Hammershøi - Portræt af kunstnerens bror, Svend Hammershøi

Portræt af kunstnerens bror, Svend Hammershøi (1892)

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
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License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects.
Why is this image in the public domain?
The Artist died in 1916 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer.
Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi, often written in English Vilhelm Hammershoi, was a Danish painter. He is known for his poetic, subdued portraits and interiors.

Vilhelm Hammershøi was born in 1864 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The son of a well-to-do merchant, Christian Hammershøi, and his wife, Frederikke (née Rentzmann), Hammershøi studied drawing from the age of eight with Niels Christian Kierkegaard and Holger Grønvold, as well as painting with Vilhelm Kyhn, before embarking on studies with Frederik Vermehren and others at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. From 1883 to 1885, he studied with Peder Severin Krøyer at the Independent Study Schools, then debuted in the Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition in 1885 with Portrait of a Young Girl (showing his sister, Anna). Pierre-Auguste Renoir is reported to have admired this painting. Hammershøi married Ida Ilsted in 1891.

Hammershøi worked mainly in his native city, painting portraits, architecture, and interiors. He also journeyed to the surrounding countryside and locations beyond, where he painted rolling hills, stands of trees, farm houses, and other landscapes. He is most celebrated for his interiors, many of which he painted in Copenhagen at Strandgade 30 (where he lived with his wife from 1898 to 1909, and Strandgade 25 (where they lived from 1913 to 1916). He travelled widely in Europe, finding London especially atmospheric in providing locations for his highly understated work, suffused as it was at the time with a foggy, coal smoke polluted atmosphere. His work in consequence has been described as "Monet meets the Camden School".

Hammershøi's wife figures in many of his interiors, often depicted from behind. Ida is also the model in many similar works by her brother, Peter Ilsted. Peter and Vilhelm were lifelong friends, business partners, and colleagues. The Metropolitan Museum of Art held an exhibition of their collective works in 2001, and there was an exhibition of his works in 2008 at the Royal Academy of London.

Hammershøi's paintings are best described as muted in tone. He refrained from employing bright colours (except in his very early academic works), opting always for a limited palette consisting of greys, as well as desaturated yellows, greens, and other dark hues. His tableaux of figures turned away from the viewer project an air of slight tension and mystery, while his exteriors of grand buildings in Copenhagen and in London (he painted two exteriors of the British Museum between 1905 and 1906) are devoid of people, a quality they share with his landscapes.

Hammershøi's early works, with their simplicity and recording of the "banality of everyday life", enjoyed critical acclaim. He was sought out by artists and literary figures of the time, among them Emil Nolde and Rainer Maria Rilke, who both remarked on his retiring manner and reluctance to talk. After a trip to Paris, his work became overly detailed. According to art critic Souren Melikian, his "painterly skill remained but the magic was lost."

Hammershøi's melancholic vision has now regained its place in the public consciousness. He is now one of the best-known artists in Scandinavia, and comprehensive retrospectives of his work have been organized by the Musée d'Orsay in Paris and the Guggenheim Museum in New York. In 2008, the Royal Academy of London hosted the first major exhibition in Britain of Hammershøi's work, Vilhelm Hammershøi: The Poetry of Silence. Hammershøi's only painting on constant display in Britain is 'Interior' in the National Gallery.

In 1997, Denmark issued a postage stamp in his honour.

More Artworks by Vilhelm Hammershøi (View all 102 Artworks)

Kunstnerens Moder Frederikke Hammershøi (Portrait Of The Artist’s Mother)

Kunstnerens Moder Frederikke Hammershøi (Portrait Of The Artist’s Mother)

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
Portrait of Ida, the Artist’s Wife

Portrait of Ida, the Artist’s Wife (1898)

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
An old woman standing by a window

An old woman standing by a window (1885)

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
Interior. Artificial Light

Interior. Artificial Light (1909)

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
Stående mandlig model

Stående mandlig model

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
The Artist’s Wife, Ida Hammershøi, née Ilsted

The Artist’s Wife, Ida Hammershøi, née Ilsted (1894)

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
Greenland Trade Wharf, Christianshavn, Copenhagen

Greenland Trade Wharf, Christianshavn, Copenhagen

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
Stående nøgen dreng. Modelstudie

Stående nøgen dreng. Modelstudie (1884 – 1885)

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
Stående mandlig model

Stående mandlig model (1881 – 1884)

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
Standing Female Nude

Standing Female Nude (1909 – 1910)

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
Tree Trunks. Arresødal near Frederiksværk, North Zealand

Tree Trunks. Arresødal near Frederiksværk, North Zealand (1904)

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
Portræt af kunstnerens søster Anna Hammershøi set bagfra

Portræt af kunstnerens søster Anna Hammershøi set bagfra

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
Interior with a bust

Interior with a bust

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
Self-Portrait. The Cottage Spurveskjul at Sorgenfri, North of Copenhagen

Self-Portrait. The Cottage Spurveskjul at Sorgenfri, North of Copenhagen (1911)

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
Interior with a Reading Lady

Interior with a Reading Lady (1900)

Vilhelm Hammershøi (Danish, 1864 - 1916)
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