Artvee
  • Browse
    • Abstract
    • Figurative
    • Landscape
    • Illustration
    • Posters
    • Religion
    • Mythology
    • Drawings
    • Still Life
    • Animals
    • Botanical
    • Asian Art
  • Books
  • Artists
  • Explore
    • Topics
    • Culture
    • Movements
  • Highlights
  • Collections
  • Galleries
  • Artvee Pro
Login
Artvee
Menu
Joris Hoefnagel
Joris Hoefnagel

Joris Hoefnagel

Flemish, 1542-1600
Follow

Joris Hoefnagel or Georg Hoefnagel was a Flemish painter, printmaker, miniaturist, draftsman and merchant. He is noted for his illustrations of natural history subjects, topographical views, illuminations and mythological works. He was one of the last manuscript illuminators and made a major contribution to the development of topographical drawing.

His manuscript illuminations and ornamental designs played an important role in the emergence of floral still-life painting as an independent genre in northern Europe at the end of the 16th century. The almost scientific naturalism of his botanical and animal drawings served as a model for a later generation of Netherlandish artists. Through these nature studies he also contributed to the development of natural history and he was thus a founder of proto-scientific inquiry.

Joris Hoefnagel was the son of Jacob Hoefnagel, a dealer in diamonds and luxury goods such as tapestries, and his wife Elisabeth Vezelaer, daughter of the Antwerp mint master Joris Vezelaer. As his father likely wished him to enter the family business, he received a comprehensive humanistic education. He spoke, in addition to his native Dutch, several languages and was able to write poetry and play various musical instruments. In one of his works, Hoefnagel described himself as self-taught as an artist. However, according to the early Flemish biographer Karel van Mander he received his first art lessons from Hans Bol, probably in the period 1570-1576 before he permanently left Antwerp. This apprenticeship with Hans Bol is not documented. Hans Bol likely introduced Hoefnagel to miniature painting.

He lived from 1560 to 1562 in France, where he attended the universities of Bourges and Orléans. Here he probably made his first landscape drawings. He was forced to leave France in 1563 due to religious unrest and he returned to Antwerp. He left soon thereafter for Spain, where he resided from 1563 to 1567 and was active on behalf of the family business. He made various sketches of places in Spain and was particularly fascinated with Seville, the primary colonial trading port of Spain, where he could see many exotic animals and plants. He returned to Antwerp in 1567 but may have visited his hometown in between on business. He travelled to England in 1568 and resided in London for a few months where he built friendships with other Flemish businessmen. After returning to Antwerp in 1569, Joris Hoefnagel married Suzanne van Onchem in 1571 and in 1573 the couple had a son called Jacob, who would also become an artist.

After the Sack of Antwerp by Spanish troops during the Eighty Years War in 1576, in which much of the family fortune was lost to plunder, Joris Hoefnagel left his hometown. He traveled in 1577, accompanied by his friend the cartographer Abraham Ortelius, along the Rhine via Frankfurt, Augsburg and Munich to Venice and Rome. The pair also travelled southwards from Rome to Naples and visited various ancient sites.

The art patron Hans Fugger and the physician Adolf Occo, whom he met in Augsburg, recommended him to the Duke of Bavaria, Albert V. The Duke was impressed by Hoefnagel's miniatures and promised him a job as a court painter. In Rome he was introduced to the circle of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese. Thanks to his special ability in miniature painting he was offered by the Cardinal in 1578 the position of the late miniaturist Giulio Clovio. He decided, however, to take on the position at the ducal court in Munich. He lived in Munich for about eight years and worked at the court of the Bavarian dukes Albert V and William V. Hoefnagel was granted the freedom to pursue his own interests and seems to have accepted the post at the ducal court mainly not to be hemmed in by the city and guild rules. He also took on commissions from Fugger and the Este family of Ferrara. In between he worked in Innsbruck at the court of Archduke Ferdinand II. He also continued with his collecting and trading in old master drawings.

As a Calvinist, he was forced to leave Munich in 1591 when a rule was imposed that all members of the court had to proclaim their adherence to the Catholic faith. Hoefnagel refused to do so. He then went to work for Emperor Rudolf II, first residing in the city of Frankfurt am Main, where he moved in a circle of Flemish humanists, merchants, artists and publishers. In particular his friendship with the Flemish botanist Carolus Clusius may have played an important role in his later botanical illustrations. In 1594, he was forced to leave Frankfurt because of the repression of the Calvinist faith. He worked in his final years in Vienna but made regular visits to Prague. His brother Daniel lived in Vienna, where he ran a business under court protection. At this time Joris Hoefnagel promoted his son Jacob at court. He regularly collaborated with his son on artistic projects. According to Karel van Mander he died in Vienna in 1600 but this is not certain as there continue to be references to him in documents referring to his brother Daniel and his son Jacob after that date.

421 items

Show 30 50 70
Guide for Constructing the Letters s and t

Guide for Constructing the Letters s and t (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Guide for Constructing the Letters u and v

Guide for Constructing the Letters u and v (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Guide for Constructing the Letters x and y

Guide for Constructing the Letters x and y (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Guide for Constructing the Ligature ae

Guide for Constructing the Ligature ae (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Guide for Constructing the Ligature do

Guide for Constructing the Ligature do (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Guide for Constructing the Ligature ffi

Guide for Constructing the Ligature ffi (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Guide for Constructing the Ligature oe

Guide for Constructing the Ligature oe (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Guide for Constructing the Tironian con and orum

Guide for Constructing the Tironian con and orum (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Horntail Caterpillar, Eyed Hawk-Moth, Beetle, Two-Spot Ladybird

Horntail Caterpillar, Eyed Hawk-Moth, Beetle, Two-Spot Ladybird (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
House Fly, Lavender Cotton, and Money Plant

House Fly, Lavender Cotton, and Money Plant (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Hyacinth, Black Mulberry, and Caterpillar

Hyacinth, Black Mulberry, and Caterpillar (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Hyssop, Insect, and Cuckoo Flower

Hyssop, Insect, and Cuckoo Flower (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Imaginary Insect, Carnation, Bluebell, and Saturnid Caterpillar

Imaginary Insect, Carnation, Bluebell, and Saturnid Caterpillar (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Imaginary Insect, Tulip, Spider, and Common Pear

Imaginary Insect, Tulip, Spider, and Common Pear (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Insect and Hyssop

Insect and Hyssop (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Insect, Balkan Primrose, and Alpine Violet

Insect, Balkan Primrose, and Alpine Violet (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Insect, English Hawthorn, Caterpillar, and European Filbert

Insect, English Hawthorn, Caterpillar, and European Filbert (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Insect, English Walnut, Saint John’s Wort, and Crayfish

Insect, English Walnut, Saint John’s Wort, and Crayfish (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Insect, Moth Mullein, Forget-Me-Not, and Tomato

Insect, Moth Mullein, Forget-Me-Not, and Tomato (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Insect, Sweet William, Spider, Marine Mollusk, and Eye of Santa Lucia

Insect, Sweet William, Spider, Marine Mollusk, and Eye of Santa Lucia (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Insects and Carnation

Insects and Carnation (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Insects, Basil Thyme, and Land Snails

Insects, Basil Thyme, and Land Snails (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Insects, Carnation, and Judas Tree

Insects, Carnation, and Judas Tree (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Insects, Orange Lily, Caterpillar, Apple, and Horse Fly

Insects, Orange Lily, Caterpillar, Apple, and Horse Fly (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Kidney Bean and English Daisy

Kidney Bean and English Daisy (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Kidney Bean, Poppy Anemone, and Adder

Kidney Bean, Poppy Anemone, and Adder (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Ladybird and European Wild Pansy

Ladybird and European Wild Pansy (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Larva of an Oak Egger Moth

Larva of an Oak Egger Moth (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Lily-of-the-Valley, Pupa, and Land Snail

Lily-of-the-Valley, Pupa, and Land Snail (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
Madonna Lily, Terrestrial Mollusk, and Sweet Flag

Madonna Lily, Terrestrial Mollusk, and Sweet Flag (1561–1596)

Joris Hoefnagel (Flemish, 1542-1600)
Illustration
  • ←
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • …
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • …
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • →

0 Artworks
Follow
Facebook Twitter Pinterest
Favourite
Collect

Standard, JPG, Size:

Download

Max Size, JPG, Size:

Download
License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects. .
Why is this image in the public domain?
  • Terms
  • Privacy
  • Contact us
Artvee.com 2024 All Rights Reserved
We use cookies to improve your experience on our website. By browsing this website, you agree to our use of cookies.
More info Accept
  • Sign in
  • Browse
    • Abstract
    • Figurative
    • Landscape
    • Illustration
    • Posters
    • Religion
    • Mythology
    • Drawings
    • Still Life
    • Animals
    • Botanical
    • Asian Art
  • Artists
  • Books
  • Explore
    • Topics
    • Culture
    • Movements
  • Highlights
  • Collections
  • Galleries
  • Artvee Pro