Adolf Chwala was a Czech landscape painter.

Born the son of a milliner, Chwala studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague from 1851. He then studied at the school of landscape painting with Maximilian Joseph Haushofer from 1854 to 1855. In 1864 he moved to Vienna, where he married Josefa Procházková in 1871. He became the father of eight children, of whom Fritz and Leopoldine Emilie showed a talent for painting and received their first painting lessons in his studio. In the years 1885–1898 Chwala was a member of the Vienna Künstlerhaus.

He exhibited his works in the Kunstverein für Böhmen (1856–1862, 1888–1889) and since 1876 at the annual exhibitions in the Vienna Künstlerhaus and from 1881 to 1896 at the Austrian Art Association. He also took part in the national exhibition in 1891.