Charles Rollo Peters was an American oil painter of nocturnes.

Peters was born on April 10, 1862 in San Francisco, California. He studied at the Académie Julian and the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, France; where he was a student of Jean-Léon Gérôme, Gustave Boulanger, and Jules Joseph Lefebvre.

Peters opened a studio in Monterey, California, where he became an oil painter of nocturnes. He was a member of the Bohemian Club. According to the San Francisco Examiner, he became "one of the world's greatest artists." For the Los Angeles Times, he was "known internationally for his nocturne studies of Californian and European subjects."

Peters resided in Monterey with his second wife, Constance Mabel Easley, who was a painter. His son, Dewitt Clinton Peters was also a painter. His son, Charles Rollo Peter (commonly known as Rollo Peters), was an actor, theatre director, and scenic designer.

Peters died on March 2, 1928 in San Francisco, at age 66. His work is in the permanent collection of the Laguna Art Museum.