Charles Mellin was a French painter of the Baroque era. He was from Nancy, Lorraine, but spent his artistic career in Italy, where he was nicknamed Carlo Lorenese ("Charles the Lorrainer").

He worked on murals and decorated the Chapel of the Virgin at the church of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome in 1631. He had competed with Nicolas Poussin and Giovanni Lanfranco for the job of decorating this chapel. During the early part of his career, Mellin collaborated with, and was influenced by, Simon Vouet, but Vouet's influence diminished after Vouet left Italy for Paris. He is also said to have been influenced by Domenichino.

After Vouet's departure, he worked for the Muti Papazzurri family as official painter. He decorated the Palazzo Muti between 1628 and 1631, painting the vaults of the Galleria, and remnants of his work there still survive. He also taught painting to the two sons of the Muti Papazzurri family.

In Rome, he painted a fresco, St. Francis de Paul before Sixtus V, for the church of Trinità dei Monti.

He also decorated the choir at the Abbey of Monte Cassino from 1636 until 1637 with a cycle of 15 paintings, which was destroyed during the Battle of Monte Cassino in World War II.

From 1643 to 1647 he worked in Naples. He created a Purification of the Virgin for the high altar of the church of the Santissima Annunziata Maggiore in the city, which was completed in 1645. This painting was lost in a 1757 fire, but there is an etched copy that survives. In Naples, he painted an Immaculate Conception (1646) and an Annunciation (1647) for the church of Santa Donna Regina Nuova. The revolt of Masaniello caused him to leave Naples for Rome.

He trained painters, such as Nicolas Labbé, but did not have a workshop per se.