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Carlo Pellegrini - Teachers and Headmasters; ‘The Science of Language’, Frederick Maximilian, February 6, 1875

Teachers and Headmasters; ‘The Science of Language’, Frederick Maximilian, February 6, 1875 (1875)

Carlo Pellegrini (Italian, 1839-1889)
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License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects.
Why is this image in the public domain?
The Artist died in 1889 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer.
Carlo Pellegrini

Carlo Pellegrini, who did much of his work under the pseudonym of Ape, was an artist who served from 1869 to 1889 as a caricaturist for Vanity Fair magazine, a leading journal of London society. He was born in Capua, then in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. His father came from an ancient land-owning family, while his mother was allegedly descended from the Medici. His work for the magazine made his reputation and he became its most influential artist.

Pellegrini was educated at the Collegio dei Barnabiti, and then at Sant'Antonio in Maddaloni, near Naples. As a young man he caricatured Neapolitan society, modelling his portraits on those of Melchiorre Delfico and Daumier and other French and British artists of the period. Pellegrini claimed to have fought with Garibaldi; however, those who knew him well dismissed this as fantasy.

Deciding to leave Italy in 1864 after a series of personal crises, including the death of his sister, he travelled to England via Switzerland and France. He arrived in London in November 1864; he later claimed to have arrived destitute, and to have slept on the streets and in doorways. However, this claim may have been another fantasy designed to make him seem to be a Bohemian artist. In London he became a friend of the Prince of Wales.

It is not recorded how Pellegrini met Thomas Bowles, the owner of Vanity Fair magazine, but he quickly found himself employed by that publication and became its first caricaturist, originally signing his work as 'Singe' (French for "Monkey") and later, and more famously, as 'Ape' (a translation of "Singe" into English). Pellegrini's work for the magazine made his reputation and he became its most influential artist; it printed his caricatures for over twenty years, from January 1869 to April 1889. His 1869 caricature of Benjamin Disraeli was the first colour lithograph to appear in the magazine, and proved immensely popular. It was the first of a highly successful series of more than two thousand caricatures published by Vanity Fair. Although the later caricatures by Sir Leslie Ward are perhaps now more well known, those by 'Ape' are regarded by many collectors as being artistically and technically superior.

Apart from drawing his caricatures for the magazine, Pellegrini also attempted to set himself up as a portrait painter, but this venture met with limited success. Pellegrini met Degas in London in the 1870s, and in about 1876–77 painted his portrait, inscribed 'à vous/Pellegrini' (to you/Pellegrini). In return, Degas painted Pellegrini's portrait, similarly inscribed.

Pellegrini was a member of the Beefsteak Club in London and there met Whistler, who became a great influence on his work; indeed, he even attempted to paint portraits in the style of Whistler. Pellegrini was also a member of The Arts Club from 1874 until 1888.

Pellegrini was extremely careful about his appearance, and would wear immaculate white spats with highly polished boots. He grew long Mandarin-like fingernails, would never walk when he could ride, and had a limitless fund of amusing stories and eccentricities. He spoke broken-English, flaunted his homosexuality (at a time when it was dangerous to do so), and would often bring macaroni dishes to elegant dinner parties. He would refuse invitations to country houses out of fear of strange beds, and had a habit of keeping a cigar in his mouth as he slept.

He died of lung disease aged 49 at his home, 53 Mortimer Street, near Cavendish Square in London. He is buried in St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green, London.

In Collection: Vanity Fair caricatures (View all 1077)

Royalty; ‘The Fourth Duke’, The Duke of Cleveland, August 4, 1877

Royalty; ‘The Fourth Duke’, The Duke of Cleveland, August 4, 1877 (1877)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Military and Navy; ‘Roley’, The Earl of Minto, June 29, 1905

Military and Navy; ‘Roley’, The Earl of Minto, June 29, 1905 (1905)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Politicians – ‘British rule in India’. The Earl of Northbrook. 9 December 1876

Politicians – ‘British rule in India’. The Earl of Northbrook. 9 December 1876 (1876)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Military and Navy; ‘The Soldier who Couldn’t draw his Sword’, Major General Sir Henry Marshman Havelock, March 29, 1879

Military and Navy; ‘The Soldier who Couldn’t draw his Sword’, Major General Sir Henry Marshman Havelock, March 29, 1879 (1879)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Sports, Miscellaneous; Carriages; ‘Charlie’, Lord Carrington, February 7, 1874

Sports, Miscellaneous; Carriages; ‘Charlie’, Lord Carrington, February 7, 1874 (1874)

Carlo Pellegrini (Italian, 1839-1889)
Doctors and Scientists. ‘Disease of the Throat’. Sir Mosell MacKenzie. 15 October 1887

Doctors and Scientists. ‘Disease of the Throat’. Sir Mosell MacKenzie. 15 October 1887 (1887)

Carlo Pellegrini (Italian, 1839-1889)
Musicians; ‘Impromptu’, Mark Hambourg

Musicians; ‘Impromptu’, Mark Hambourg (1908)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Politicians – ‘a new peer’. Lord Gerard. October 5, 1878

Politicians – ‘a new peer’. Lord Gerard. October 5, 1878 (1878)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Doctors and Scientists. ‘Agriculture’. Sir Edward Coke, The Earl of Leicester. 4 August 1883

Doctors and Scientists. ‘Agriculture’. Sir Edward Coke, The Earl of Leicester. 4 August 1883 (1883)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Politicians – ‘Bill’. Colonel the Hon. William Henry Peregrine Carington. March 4 1893

Politicians – ‘Bill’. Colonel the Hon. William Henry Peregrine Carington. March 4 1893 (1893)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Politicians – ‘The Lord Chamberlain.’ The Marquess of Hertferd. 7 April 1877

Politicians – ‘The Lord Chamberlain.’ The Marquess of Hertferd. 7 April 1877 (1877)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Turf Devotees; ‘Earlie’, The Earl of Clonmell, August 6, 1881

Turf Devotees; ‘Earlie’, The Earl of Clonmell, August 6, 1881 (1881)

Carlo Pellegrini (Italian, 1839-1889)
Politicians – ‘A Late Whip’. Lord Tweedmouth. 12 July 1894

Politicians – ‘A Late Whip’. Lord Tweedmouth. 12 July 1894 (1894)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Teachers and Headmasters; ‘Badger’, The Reverand Edward Hale, January 30, 1892

Teachers and Headmasters; ‘Badger’, The Reverand Edward Hale, January 30, 1892 (1892)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Politicians – North Northamptonshire’. Lord Burghley. April 16, 1887

Politicians – North Northamptonshire’. Lord Burghley. April 16, 1887 (1887)

Carlo Pellegrini (Italian, 1839-1889)
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