Władysław Łuszczkiewicz was a Polish historian and painter of the late Romantic era from Kraków, active in the period of the foreign partitions of Poland. He was a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts and served as its principal in 1893/95. One of his best students was Jan Matejko, the eminent Polish historical painter and later, his close associate. Łuszczkiewicz taught painting, drawing, anatomy and architectural styles. Highly educated, he also worked as conservator of architectural monuments in the city later on in his career, and wrote historical dissertations.

Władysław Łuszczkiewicz was born in Kraków in 1828 and after graduating from St Anne High School (where his father Michał of the Rola coat of arms was a professor), he enrolled at the Department of History of the Jagiellonian University. At the same time, he began to study painting at the School of Fine Arts with Wojciech Stattler and Jan Nepomucen Głowacki. His talent was rewarded with a scholarship which enabled Łuszczkiewicz to continue his studies at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1849. While in France, he also developed his lifelong interest in historicism.

Łuszczkiewicz began to teach art while still a student himself. His beloved Kraków was under the military rule of Austria-Hungary, and all fields of education were grossly neglected. He often gave private art classes for free to struggling artists. Łuszczkiewicz was nominated as professor at the Academy in 1877. Among his students (aside from Matejko) were the future luminaries of Polish art of the turn-of-the-century including Artur Grottger, Aleksander Kotsis, Józef Mehoffer, Jacek Malczewski, Stanisław Wyspiański and Wojciech Weiss. He introduced them to plein-air painting by organizing trips to places of historical significance outside the city.

In 1883 he was chosen as director of the National Museum in Kraków. In 1893/95 he served as rector of the Academy of Fine Arts. His own historical paintings filled with knowledge of period artifacts and costume, were a great source of inspiration for Jan Matejko. They often came into being as pictorial representations of his scientific discoveries and literature on the subject. He stopped painting towards the end of his life and turned entirely to writing and art conservation advocacy. In recognition of his work, Łuszczkiewicz was awarded the title of doctor honoris causa of the Jagiellonian University in 1900, and died in Kraków prior to award ceremony in the same year. He was married to Malwina Ramloff (1858) and had four children: Napoleon, Zofia, Wojciech Józef, and Maria.