Philippe Rousseau was a French painter known primarily for his still life paintings.

He was a pupil of Baron Antoine-Jean Gros and Jean-Victor Bertin at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He began his career as a landscape painter, but later concentrated on still life and animal subjects.

He exhibited at the Paris Salon from 1834, earning a third class medal in 1845, a second class medal in 1855, and a first class medal in 1848.

Rousseau was made a knight of the Legion of Honor in 1852, and promoted to officer in 1870.