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Aleksander Gierymski - Sea

Sea (1897)

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
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License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects.
Why is this image in the public domain?
The Artist died in 1901 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer.
Aleksander Gierymski

Ignacy Aleksander Gierymski was a Polish painter of the late 19th century, the younger brother of Maksymilian Gierymski. He was a representative of Realism as well as an important precursor of Impressionism in Poland.

Aleksander Gierymski completed Secondary State School nr III in Warsaw in 1867, and in the same year commenced drawing studies in Warsaw. Between 1868 – 1872 he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich and graduated with a gold medal. He received a commendation for his diploma work The Merchant of Venice. Between 1873-1874 he stayed in Italy, mostly in Rome. There he completed his first famous works: Roman Inn and Morra Game, which Gierymski brought to Warsaw in the beginning of 1875 and exhibited at Zachęta Gallery. Both paintings received the attention of audiences and critics.

From late 1875 until 1879 the artist returned to Rome, where he worked to improve his work, particularly spending much time studying Italian paintings. The most important work of the Roman period was his painting In the Arbour. It was an approach to impressionism, which was preceded by extensive studies in this area (for example Cylinder on a table, Man in red tail-coat among others). In the painting In the Arbour, we can see the scene of an 18th-century social gathering, which takes place in a gazebo filled with light from behind. Such scenes allowed him to play with colours and light. Gierymski's work can be compared to contemporary French impressionists, even though he had not yet been in Paris and there was no evidence that he had seen their work.

The greatest period for Gierymski was between the years 1879 -1888 which he spent in Warsaw. In this time he worked with a group of young positivist writers and painters, clustered around the periodical Wędrowiec (Eng. Wanderer). Responsible for art affairs in these magazines was Stanisław Witkiewicz, who took up a battle for Gierymski's public recognition. Paintings, which Gierymski made in this period, for example, Jewish women selling oranges; The Old Town Gate, Solec’s Marina, The Feast of Trumpets and Sandblasters and others are based on the lives of poor people from two districts in Warsaw – Powiśle and Old Town. Unfortunately, his works were never understood and respected in contemporary Poland. As other unappreciated persons in his motherland, without livelihoods, he left Warsaw behind and went abroad in 1888.

Since then he was mostly living in Germany and France. Changed surroundings changed his works. Away from his homeland, he started to paint subjects that weren't so personal. He was mostly painting landscapes (Kufstein Castel Outlook, Part of Rothenburg, sea landscapes). He was frequently painting at night, which allowed him to paint objects under artificial light, such as (Munich nocturnes, Paris Opera at Night, Twilight over Seine).

He came back to Poland in 1893 and stayed till 1895, in order to apply for a position at the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow. This journey revived his interest in human subjects. The Peasant's Coffin is one of the paintings from that period.

For the last years of his life he remained in Italy. From that latter period came works like Interior of Basilica of San Marco in Venice, Piazza del Popolo in Rome or outlooks of Verona.

His bitter disappointments in life are revealed on his self-portrait painted a year prior to his death. He looked at the world with the eye of a naturalist, despite his hot-temper. Tragically, the last years of his life were spent in a mental hospital; nevertheless he left a unique heritage. His works represented realism, like Courbet’s, and he wasn't afraid to represent all matters of life, including the lives of humble people.

Gierymski died between 6-8 of March 1901 in Rome in a mental hospital on Via della Lungara Street. He was buried at the Campo Verano Cemetery in Rome on 10 March 1901.

More Artworks by Aleksander Gierymski (View all 77 Artworks)

View of the Kufstein Fortress vicinity

View of the Kufstein Fortress vicinity (1889)

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
On the Vistula

On the Vistula (1882 - 1883)

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
Jewess with Oranges

Jewess with Oranges (1880 - 1881)

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
Fishing boats at the seaside

Fishing boats at the seaside (1884)

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
Peasant coffin

Peasant coffin

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
Man sitting on a chair

Man sitting on a chair (1881)

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
Motif from the Wittelsbachs’ Square in Munich

Motif from the Wittelsbachs’ Square in Munich (1890)

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
Peasant smoking a pipe, study for the painting “Peasant coffin”

Peasant smoking a pipe, study for the painting “Peasant coffin” (1894)

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
Feast of Trumpets I

Feast of Trumpets I

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
Villa Torlonia in Frascati

Villa Torlonia in Frascati (1895-1897)

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
Tomb of Zofia Zamoyski nee Czartoryski at the Santa Croce Church in Florence

Tomb of Zofia Zamoyski nee Czartoryski at the Santa Croce Church in Florence (1885)

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
In the summer house

In the summer house

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
Landscape

Landscape

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
Portal of the church of St. Anastasia in Verona

Portal of the church of St. Anastasia in Verona (1900)

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
Piazza delle Erbe in Verona

Piazza delle Erbe in Verona (1900)

Aleksander Gierymski (Polish, 1850-1901)
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