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Joseph Mallord William Turner - Scarborough town and castle; morning; boys catching crabs

Scarborough town and castle; morning; boys catching crabs (circa 1810)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
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License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects.
Why is this image in the public domain?
The Artist died in 1851 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer.
Joseph Mallord William Turner

Joseph Mallord William Turner RA, known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colourisations, imaginative landscapes and turbulent, often violent marine paintings. He left behind more than 550 oil paintings, 2,000 watercolours, and 30,000 works on paper. He was championed by the leading English art critic John Ruskin from 1840, and is today regarded as having elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting.

Turner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, to a modest lower-middle-class family. He lived in London all his life, retaining his Cockney accent and assiduously avoiding the trappings of success and fame. A child prodigy, Turner studied at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1789, enrolling when he was 14, and exhibited his first work there at 15. During this period, he also served as an architectural draftsman. He earned a steady income from commissions and sales, which due to his troubled, contrary nature, were often begrudgingly accepted. He opened his own gallery in 1804 and became professor of perspective at the academy in 1807, where he lectured until 1828, although he was viewed as profoundly inarticulate. He travelled to Europe from 1802, typically returning with voluminous sketchbooks.

Intensely private, eccentric and reclusive, Turner was a controversial figure throughout his career. He did not marry, but fathered two daughters, Eveline (1801–1874) and Georgiana (1811–1843), by his housekeeper Sarah Danby. He became more pessimistic and morose as he got older, especially after the death of his father, after which his outlook deteriorated, his gallery fell into disrepair and neglect, and his art intensified. In 1841, Turner rowed a boat into the Thames so he could not be counted as present at any property in that year's census. He lived in squalor and poor health from 1845, and died in London in 1851 aged 76. Turner is buried in Saint Paul's Cathedral, London.

More Artworks by Joseph Mallord William Turner (View all 237 Artworks)

The Channel Sketchbook 39

The Channel Sketchbook 39 (ca. 1845)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Apollo killing the python

Apollo killing the python (1860-12)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Oberwesel

Oberwesel (1840)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Saltash with the Water Ferry, Cornwall

Saltash with the Water Ferry, Cornwall (1811)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Alnwick Castle

Alnwick Castle (circa 1829)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Snowstorm, Mont Cenis

Snowstorm, Mont Cenis (1820)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
North East View of Grantham Church, Lincolnshire

North East View of Grantham Church, Lincolnshire (ca. 1797)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
The Channel Sketchbook 14

The Channel Sketchbook 14 (ca. 1845)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
The Lungernsee by Moonlight, Switzerland

The Lungernsee by Moonlight, Switzerland (circa 1848)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 16 October 1834

The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 16 October 1834 (1835)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Watermill near a Flowing Brook

Watermill near a Flowing Brook (1795 - 1797)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Vesuvius in Eruption

Vesuvius in Eruption (between 1817 and 1820)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
The Channel Sketchbook 23

The Channel Sketchbook 23 (ca. 1845)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Looking towards Lake Thun, from opposite Scherzligen, with Schloss Schadau and the Niesen in the distance, Switzerland

Looking towards Lake Thun, from opposite Scherzligen, with Schloss Schadau and the Niesen in the distance, Switzerland

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
A View of Boppart, with Figures on the River Bank

A View of Boppart, with Figures on the River Bank (1817)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
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