Nicolaas Pieneman was a Dutch painter, art collector, lithographer, and sculptor. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

Nicolaas Pieneman was born on 1 January 1809 in Amersfoort in the Kingdom of Holland. He was the son of painter Jan Willem Pieneman.

Pieneman studied under his father and also at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Amsterdam; he was a pupil of Jean Baptiste Madou. He specialised in paintings of recent history and in portraits. He was a friend of William II of the Netherlands; he painted the king's inauguration in 1840, and many members of the royal family. His pupils were Jan Daniël Beijnon, Johannes Arnoldus Boland, Conradijn Cunaeus, Bernard te Gempt, Hendrik Hollander, Willem Johann Martens, Johan Heinrich Neuman, Jan Frederik Tack, and Antonie Frederik Zürcher.

In July 1855, Jan Hendrik Donkel Curtius (the Opperhoofd in Nagasaki, Japan) recorded the presentation of an oil portrait of King Willem III by Pieneman, together with the steamship Soembing.

Pieneman died on 30 December 1860 in Amsterdam in the Netherlands.