Teodor Boemm was born on 21 October 1822 in Mukachevo (now – Transcarpathian region). At the young age, he moved to the Slovak town Levoča, Presov region (now – Slovakia). He studied at the outstanding Slovak artist, portraitist Josef Kzauchik.

Later he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, as well as in Brussels, Paris. However, the training of a young artist was interrupted by the revolutionary events of the 1848-1849-ies in the Austrian Empire, during which Teodor Boemm was forced to serve as a Honved lieutenant. So, until 1881, he worked as an art teacher in Levoča. Then he lived in Dresden, where he died on 31 July 1889.