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Edward Livingston Youmans - Plate VI: Illustration of the Theory of Compound Radicals/Theory of Chemical Types/Theory of Pairing

Plate VI: Illustration of the Theory of Compound Radicals/Theory of Chemical Types/Theory of Pairing (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
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Why is this image in the public domain?
The Artist died in 1887 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer. It is in the public domain in the United States because it was published or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office before Jan 1, 1926
Edward Livingston Youmans

Edward Livingston Youmans was an American scientific writer, editor, and lecturer and founder of Popular Science magazine.

Youmans was the son of Vincent Youmans and Catherine (née Scofield) Youmans. He grew up in Saratoga County where his parents had moved during his early years. His father was a mechanic and a farmer; his mother was a teacher. His brother, William Jay Youmans, helped him found and edit Popular Science Monthly, and on Edward's death his brother became editor-in-chief. His sister Eliza Ann Youmans, in addition to being of great help to Edward in dealing with his blindness, was a science writer herself, chiefly on botanical subjects.

He attended the common school in Saratoga County. At 13 years old, he was afflicted with ophthalmia, which affected his vision throughout the remainder of his life. When he was 17, he became practically blind, and remained so until he was about 30. He very rarely had vision enough to read ordinary type.

Youmans went to New York City in 1840 for treatment of his eye problem. After some time in an infirmary, he boarded with printers who read to him from the latest works. Finally he found a home with a Quaker family, where he resided for many years. In New York, he got to know Horace Greeley, Walt Whitman, and William Henry Appleton.

In 1845, his sister, Eliza Ann Youmans, became his reader and amanuensis, and with her aid he undertook the study of chemistry and physics. In 1851, while studying agricultural chemistry, he prepared a Chemical Chart which won such favor that the next year he published a Class-Book of Chemistry. From that time on, he devoted himself to popularizing science. He studied medicine during this period and received the degree of M.D. from the University of Vermont.

He started lecturing on science in 1852, and for the next 17 years he gave courses of lectures in connection with the lyceum system in many towns and cities, awakening deep interest in scientific subjects. In his lectures on the "Chemistry of the Sunbeam" and the "Dynamics of Life", he was the first to expound popularly the doctrines of the conservation of energy and the mutual relation of forces.

After his marriage in 1861, his wife's literary abilities were put to use in Youmans' editorial and promotional activities. Early on Youmans became deeply interested in the diffusion of standard scientific works in the United States, particularly those on evolution philosophy. He republished such works in the United States, and did all he could through the newspaper and periodical press to make them known to the public. Herbert Spencer's books alone, on behalf of which he spared no effort, reached a sale of 132,000 copies by 1890, and the foreign authors whose works he used for years enjoyed, by voluntary arrangement with the D. Appleton & Company, the benefits of international copyright, of the justice and need of which Youmans was from the beginning of his literary life an ardent advocate.

Youmans started the "International Scientific Series" in 1871, by means of which works by the greatest scientists of all nations were published simultaneously in the principal modern languages. Arrangements were made for the publication of works in New York, London, Paris, and Leipzig, and afterward in St. Petersburg and Milan. The project was based on the idea of payment to authors from the sale in all countries. By 1888, the series had reached its 64th volume.

In 1872, Youmans founded Popular Science Monthly magazine, which he edited until his death. The 28 volumes issued under his care show a devotion to the spread of scientific thought upon the chief topics of the time. His enthusiastic nature led to constant overdoing, and the strain affected his strength years before his death. From 1882, his lungs were seriously affected, but he worked on persistently until early in 1886.

In 1882, Youmans organized the New York banquet at the end of Herbert Spencer's U.S. tour. All told, Spencer wrote 91 articles for Popular Science Monthly.

On November 4, 1861, in Saratoga, New York, he married Catherine Newton "Kate" Lee (c. 1819–1894), widow of William Little Lee, the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Kingdom of Hawaii. They didn't have any children.

Youmans died on January 18, 1887, in New York City.

More Illustrations in Book: Chemical Atlas; or, The Chemistry of Familiar Objects (View all 13)

Plate VIII: Ternary or Non-Nitrogenized Principles of Food

Plate VIII: Ternary or Non-Nitrogenized Principles of Food (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
Plate XIII: Decomposition of Light:Structure of the Solar Rays

Plate XIII: Decomposition of Light:Structure of the Solar Rays (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
Plate II: Metals and Their Compounds with Oxygen

Plate II: Metals and Their Compounds with Oxygen (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
Plate I: Metalloids and Their Compounds

Plate I: Metalloids and Their Compounds (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
Plate V: Examples of Isomerism

Plate V: Examples of Isomerism (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
Plate IX: Nitrogenized and Sulphurized Principles of Food

Plate IX: Nitrogenized and Sulphurized Principles of Food (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
Plate III: Composition of Salts

Plate III: Composition of Salts (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
Plate XI: Chemistry of Combustion and Illumination

Plate XI: Chemistry of Combustion and Illumination (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
Plate X: Vinous, Lactic and Butyric Fermentations

Plate X: Vinous, Lactic and Butyric Fermentations (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
Plate IV: Chemistry of Geology

Plate IV: Chemistry of Geology (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
Plate VII: Homologous Series of Compounds

Plate VII: Homologous Series of Compounds (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
Plate XII: Plants, Animals, and the Air

Plate XII: Plants, Animals, and the Air (1856)

Edward Livingston Youmans (American, 1821 – 1887)
View all 13 Artworks

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