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Marcus Elieser Bloch - Ostracion cubicus, The Square-Fish.

Ostracion cubicus, The Square-Fish. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
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License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects.
Why is this image in the public domain?
The Artist died in 1799 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer.
Marcus Elieser Bloch

Marcus Elieser Bloch was a German physician and naturalist who is best known for his contribution to ichthyology through his multi-volume catalog of plates illustrating the fishes of the world. Brought up in a Hebrew-speaking Jewish family, he learned German and Latin and studied anatomy before settling in Berlin as a physician. He amassed a large natural history collection, particularly of fish specimens. He is generally considered one of the most important ichthyologists of the 18th century, and wrote many papers on natural history, comparative anatomy, and physiology.

Bloch was born at Ansbach in 1723 where his father was a Torah writer and his mother owned a small shop. Educated at home in Hebrew literature he became a private tutor in Hamburg for a Jewish surgeon. Here he learned German, Latin and anatomy. He then studied medicine in Berlin and received a doctorate in 1762 from Frankfort on the Oder with a treatise on skin disorders. He then became a general practitioner in Berlin and married Breinche, daughter of "protected Jew" Ruben Joseph Rintel (1699–1765?) in 1765. This allowed him to settle in Berlin. Bloch helped found the Society of Friends of Natural Sciences in 1773 along with Moses Mendelssohn serving also as Mendelssohn's physician. He began to establish a large natural history collection and a library. He also began to publish in journals. Breinche died in 1769 and their only son died aged 21 while on a trip to Paris to sell the book on fishes that his father had written. In 1774 he married Cheile, daughter of banker Joseph Veitel Ephraim (1775–1807) and they would have a daughter who married physician Wolf Davidson (1772–1800). After the death of Cheile, he married Rahel, daughter of a Jewish social worker Jeremias Bendix (1735 -1790), and they had a son and two daughters.

Bloch became interested in fishes only in 1782 after finding fish that he could not find a name for in the works of Linnaeus. He then began to collect fishes and had fish specimens sent from around the world, including correspondents from as far as India like Johann Gerhard König and Christoph Samuel John. The collection was of nearly 1400 specimens and about 800 are now in the Bloch Cabinet of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. He began to catalog the fishes of Germany in publications from 1782 to 1784, and on fishes from abroad until 1795, printing the books with copper plate engravings made largely at his own expense. He later managed to get subscribers including the Queen and Prince of Prussia, the Prince of Saxe-Coburg, the royal families of Denmark, Sweden, Poland and the court banker Isaac Daniel Itzig. Bloch also published on medicine, writing on such topics as the waters of Pyrmont and on intestinal parasitic worms.

Bloch visited Paris in 1797 to examine the fish collections there and returned via Holland. His health became poor and he went to Carlsbad where he died of a stroke. He was buried in the Jewish cemetery at Lichtenstadt.

More Illustrations in Book: Ichtylogie, ou Histoire naturelle; génerale et particuliére des poissons (View all 430)

1. 2. Cottus Gobio, The River Bullhead; 3. 4. Cottus Cataphractus, The Armed Bullhead.

1. 2. Cottus Gobio, The River Bullhead; 3. 4. Cottus Cataphractus, The Armed Bullhead. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
1. 2. Cottus monopterigius; 3. Gobius Plümieri.

1. 2. Cottus monopterigius; 3. Gobius Plümieri. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
1. 2. Pegasus Draconis, The Sea Dragon; 3. Syngnathus Hippocampus, The Sea-Horse;

1. 2. Pegasus Draconis, The Sea Dragon; 3. Syngnathus Hippocampus, The Sea-Horse; (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Bodianus maculatus, The maculated Bodian.

Bodianus maculatus, The maculated Bodian. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
1. 2. Perca Asper, The Rough Perch; 3. Gobius Jozo, The blue Goby.

1. 2. Perca Asper, The Rough Perch; 3. Gobius Jozo, The blue Goby. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Chaetodon glaucus.

Chaetodon glaucus. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Loricaria maculata, The maculated Cuirassier.

Loricaria maculata, The maculated Cuirassier. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Callionymus Lyra, The Gemmeous Dragonet.

Callionymus Lyra, The Gemmeous Dragonet. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Esox Sphyraena, The Sea-Pike.

Esox Sphyraena, The Sea-Pike. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Ostracion Nasus, The Nose-Trunk.

Ostracion Nasus, The Nose-Trunk. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Cottus Scorpius, The Father Lascher.

Cottus Scorpius, The Father Lascher. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
1. Scomber aculeatus, The Cross-spine; 2. Scomber Calcar, The Spur-back.

1. Scomber aculeatus, The Cross-spine; 2. Scomber Calcar, The Spur-back. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Squalus Carcharias, The White Shark.

Squalus Carcharias, The White Shark. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
1. 2. Syngnathus Biaculeatus, The Double-Spiny Pipe; 3. Pegasus Natans, The Swimmer.

1. 2. Syngnathus Biaculeatus, The Double-Spiny Pipe; 3. Pegasus Natans, The Swimmer. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Holocentrus auratus.

Holocentrus auratus. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
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