Carl Gustaf Pilo was a Swedish-born artist and painter. Pilo worked extensively in Denmark as a painter to the Danish Royal Court and as professor and director at the Royal Danish Academy of Art (Danish: Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi), as well as in his native Sweden.

His prolific output in Denmark consisted mainly of portraits of royalty and the nobility, but included also genre paintings in the Dutch style. For over two decades, he was acknowledged as the foremost portrait painter in Denmark. In addition to Peder Als, other students of his were Per Krafft and Lorens Pasch. Pilo is most famous for his masterly painting, "The Coronation of Gustaf III" commissioned by King Gustav III of Sweden.