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James Otto Lewis - MISH-SHA-QUAT or the Clear Sky; A Chippeway Chief

MISH-SHA-QUAT or the Clear Sky; A Chippeway Chief (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
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License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects.
Why is this image in the public domain?
The Artist died in 1858 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer. It is in the public domain in the United States because it was published or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office before Jan 1, 1926

James Otto Lewis was an American engraver and painter who was noted for his portraits of Native American leaders and other figures of the American frontier. Lewis began his engraving career in Philadelphia about 1815.

From 1819 to at least 1834, Lewis worked in the west, what was then Michigan Territory, including present-day states of Indiana and Wisconsin. For eleven years of that time, he was working for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, then within the War Department, to make portraits of Native Americans. He published copies of his work in The Aboriginal Port Folio in Philadelphia, between 1835 and 1836.

Lewis was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1799. He grew up learning to draw, paint, and make engravings.

Fascinated by what he learned of the western territories, as a young man he went west in 1819 and began traveling with Gov. Lewis Cass of the Michigan Territory. From 1823 to 1834, Lewis worked for the U.S. Government to paint official portraits of Indians, in what was an effort to preserve a record of their leaders and what was believed to be a vanishing culture.

In this official role during the 1820s, Lewis attended numerous Indian treaties and ceremonies held in Indiana and Wisconsin, where he began to make portraits of many of the participants. In 1826 Thomas L. McKenney, who was superintendent of Indian Affairs, then in the War Department, accompanied Gov. Cass on one of the official trips into this area. He relied on Lewis as the artist to create a record of the trip.

McKenney published an official record of his expedition, Sketches of a Tour to the Lakes... (1827); it contained 29 engraved or illustrated images. Although Lewis is not credited on any of the plates, the majority of images appear to be by him: his work has been identified by both the many references to it in the text and by analysis of the style of these images.

During the 1827 trip which Lewis and Cass took to Lake Michigan to negotiate with the Winnebago and Chippewa tribes, the artist sketched 25 portraits at the treaty meetings at Prairie du Chien. Of the 80 plates published in his final Aboriginal Port Folia (1835-1836), 9 were sketched at Fort Wayne (fort), in present-day Indiana; 13 at Green Bay, Wisconsin; 12 at Fond du Lac, 12 from "Massinnewa" (from the 1826 expedition), and the remaining 3 at unidentified locations.

Lewis later returned to the East, publishing a book of his works in Philadelphia in 1835-1836. He died in New York City on November 2, 1858.

More Illustrations in Book: The Aboriginal Portfolio (View all 71)

NA-SHE-MUNG-GA, A Miami Chief

NA-SHE-MUNG-GA, A Miami Chief (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
KAA-NUN-DER-WAAGUINSE-ZOO or the Berry Picker; A Famous Chippewa Chief

KAA-NUN-DER-WAAGUINSE-ZOO or the Berry Picker; A Famous Chippewa Chief (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
SHE-SHEBA or The Little Duck; A Celebrated Winnebago Chief

SHE-SHEBA or The Little Duck; A Celebrated Winnebago Chief (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
CUT-TAA-TAS-TIA; A Celebrated Chief of the Fox Tribe

CUT-TAA-TAS-TIA; A Celebrated Chief of the Fox Tribe (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
O‑CHE-NA-SHINK-KAD or the Man that Stands and Strikes; A Winnebago Chief

O‑CHE-NA-SHINK-KAD or the Man that Stands and Strikes; A Winnebago Chief (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
PE-CHE-CO; A Pottowattomie Chief

PE-CHE-CO; A Pottowattomie Chief (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
CAA-TAA-KE MUNG-GA or the Speckle’d Loon, A Miami Chief

CAA-TAA-KE MUNG-GA or the Speckle’d Loon, A Miami Chief (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
ME-NO-QUET; A Distinguished Pottowattomie Chief

ME-NO-QUET; A Distinguished Pottowattomie Chief (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
WAA-BIN-DE-BA or the White Headed Eagle; A Chippeway Chief

WAA-BIN-DE-BA or the White Headed Eagle; A Chippeway Chief (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
TENS-QUA-TA-WA or The One Who Opens the Door; Shawnese Prophet (Brother of Tecumthe)

TENS-QUA-TA-WA or The One Who Opens the Door; Shawnese Prophet (Brother of Tecumthe) (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
MO-WAN-ZA or The Little Wolf; A Miami Chief

MO-WAN-ZA or The Little Wolf; A Miami Chief (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
RICHARDVILLE; The Head Chief of the Miami Tribe of the Indians

RICHARDVILLE; The Head Chief of the Miami Tribe of the Indians (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
KEE-ME-ONE or Rain; A Chippeway Chief

KEE-ME-ONE or Rain; A Chippeway Chief (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
WEESH-CUB or the Sweet; A Noted Chippeway Chief

WEESH-CUB or the Sweet; A Noted Chippeway Chief (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
WADT-HE-DOO-KAANA; Chief of the Winnebagoes

WADT-HE-DOO-KAANA; Chief of the Winnebagoes (1835)

James Otto Lewis (American, 1799-1858)
View all 71 Artworks

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