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Joseph Mallord William Turner - Mer de Glace, in the Valley of Chamouni, Switzerland

Mer de Glace, in the Valley of Chamouni, Switzerland (1803)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
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License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects.
Why is this image in the public domain?
The Artist died in 1851 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer.
Joseph Mallord William Turner

Joseph Mallord William Turner RA, known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colourisations, imaginative landscapes and turbulent, often violent marine paintings. He left behind more than 550 oil paintings, 2,000 watercolours, and 30,000 works on paper. He was championed by the leading English art critic John Ruskin from 1840, and is today regarded as having elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting.

Turner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, to a modest lower-middle-class family. He lived in London all his life, retaining his Cockney accent and assiduously avoiding the trappings of success and fame. A child prodigy, Turner studied at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1789, enrolling when he was 14, and exhibited his first work there at 15. During this period, he also served as an architectural draftsman. He earned a steady income from commissions and sales, which due to his troubled, contrary nature, were often begrudgingly accepted. He opened his own gallery in 1804 and became professor of perspective at the academy in 1807, where he lectured until 1828, although he was viewed as profoundly inarticulate. He travelled to Europe from 1802, typically returning with voluminous sketchbooks.

Intensely private, eccentric and reclusive, Turner was a controversial figure throughout his career. He did not marry, but fathered two daughters, Eveline (1801–1874) and Georgiana (1811–1843), by his housekeeper Sarah Danby. He became more pessimistic and morose as he got older, especially after the death of his father, after which his outlook deteriorated, his gallery fell into disrepair and neglect, and his art intensified. In 1841, Turner rowed a boat into the Thames so he could not be counted as present at any property in that year's census. He lived in squalor and poor health from 1845, and died in London in 1851 aged 76. Turner is buried in Saint Paul's Cathedral, London.

More Artworks by Joseph Mallord William Turner (View all 237 Artworks)

The Evening of the Deluge

The Evening of the Deluge (c. 1843)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Shipping Scene, with Fishermen

Shipping Scene, with Fishermen (between 1815 and 1820)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Whalers

Whalers (ca. 1845)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
A Packet Boat off Dover

A Packet Boat off Dover (c. 1836)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Watermill near a Flowing Brook

Watermill near a Flowing Brook (1795 - 1797)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Lake of Geneva from Montreux

Lake of Geneva from Montreux (circa 1810)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Buildings Overlooking Water, near Naples

Buildings Overlooking Water, near Naples (ca. 1796)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Saint Catherine’s Hill, Guildford, Surrey

Saint Catherine’s Hill, Guildford, Surrey (1830)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Lake Avernus: Aeneas and the Cumaean Sybil

Lake Avernus: Aeneas and the Cumaean Sybil (1814 and 1815)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Queen Mab’s Cave

Queen Mab’s Cave (after 1846)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Vesuvius in Eruption

Vesuvius in Eruption (between 1817 and 1820)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
Scarborough town and castle; morning; boys catching crabs

Scarborough town and castle; morning; boys catching crabs (circa 1810)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
The Channel Sketchbook 28

The Channel Sketchbook 28 (ca. 1845)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
The Fortress Of Ehrenbreitstein From Across The Rhine

The Fortress Of Ehrenbreitstein From Across The Rhine

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
The Dogana and Santa Maria della Salute

The Dogana and Santa Maria della Salute (Venice_1843)

Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851)
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