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Caravaggio - Martha and Mary Magdalene

Martha and Mary Magdalene (ca. 1598)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
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License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects.
Why is this image in the public domain?
The Artist died in 1610 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer.
Caravaggio

Michelangelo Merisi (Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio was an Italian painter active in Rome for most of his artistic life. During the final four years of his life he moved between Naples, Malta, and Sicily until his death. His paintings combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, which had a formative influence on Baroque painting.

Caravaggio employed close physical observation with a dramatic use of chiaroscuro that came to be known as tenebrism. He made the technique a dominant stylistic element, darkening shadows and transfixing subjects in bright shafts of light. Caravaggio vividly expressed crucial moments and scenes, often featuring violent struggles, torture, and death. He worked rapidly, with live models, preferring to forgo drawings and work directly onto the canvas. His influence on the new Baroque style that emerged from Mannerism was profound. It can be seen directly or indirectly in the work of Peter Paul Rubens, Jusepe de Ribera, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and Rembrandt, and artists in the following generation heavily under his influence were called the "Caravaggisti" (or "Caravagesques"), as well as tenebrists or tenebrosi ("shadowists").

Caravaggio trained as a painter in Milan before moving in his twenties to Rome. He developed a considerable name as an artist, and as a violent, touchy and provocative man. A brawl led to a death sentence for murder and forced him to flee to Naples. There he again established himself as one of the most prominent Italian painters of his generation. He traveled in 1607 to Malta and on to Sicily, and pursued a papal pardon for his sentence. In 1609 he returned to Naples, where he was involved in a violent clash; his face was disfigured and rumours of his death circulated. Questions about his mental state arose from his erratic and bizarre behavior. He died in 1610 under uncertain circumstances while on his way from Naples to Rome. Reports stated that he died of a fever, but suggestions have been made that he was murdered or that he died of lead poisoning.

Caravaggio's innovations inspired Baroque painting, but the Baroque incorporated the drama of his chiaroscuro without the psychological realism. The style evolved and fashions changed, and Caravaggio fell out of favor. In the 20th century interest in his work revived, and his importance to the development of Western art was reevaluated. The 20th-century art historian André Berne-Joffroy stated: "What begins in the work of Caravaggio is, quite simply, modern painting."

More Artworks by Caravaggio (View all 46 Artworks)

Saint John the Baptist

Saint John the Baptist (1603)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
The Conversion of Saint Paul

The Conversion of Saint Paul (ca. 1600)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
Amor Vincit Omnia

Amor Vincit Omnia (1602-1603)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
The Lute Player

The Lute Player (circa 1595)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
Sleeping Cupid

Sleeping Cupid (1600)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
Saint John the Baptist

Saint John the Baptist (1602)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
Medusa

Medusa (1597-1598)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
Boy Bitten by a Lizard

Boy Bitten by a Lizard (ca. 1894-1596)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
The Cardsharps

The Cardsharps (ca 1595)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
Portrait of Pope Urban VIII

Portrait of Pope Urban VIII

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
Alof de Wignacourt

Alof de Wignacourt (1608)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
The Taking of Christ

The Taking of Christ (early to mid-17th century)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
Portrait of a gentleman (Scipione Borghese)

Portrait of a gentleman (Scipione Borghese) (1598-1604)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
David and Goliath

David and Goliath (1600)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
Supper at Emmaus

Supper at Emmaus (ca 1601)

Caravaggio (Italian, 1571-1610)
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License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects.
Why is this image in the public domain?
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