Jean-Baptiste Corneille was a French painter, etcher, and engraver.

Corneille was born in Paris between 1646 and 1649. He was the youngest son of Michel Corneille the Elder of Orléans, and brother of the younger Michel. He is known as "the younger Corneille". His devoted father was his teacher and painstakingly prepared the youth for his future successes as an historical painter. In 1664 he won the second prize and in 1668 the first prize of the academy.

He then went to study in Rome and, on his return in 1675 was received into the Royal Academy, painting for his reception-picture the Punishment of Busiris by Hercules, now one of the notable canvases in the Louvre. He painted in some of the Paris churches and in 1679 finished his Deliverance of St. Peter from Prison for the Cathedral of Notre-Dame. With Jacques Vouet he was employed on the decorations of the Tuileries. In 1692 he was appointed professor in the academy. He died in Paris on 12 April 1695.