Napoleon Michał Iłłakowicz was a Polish painter and decorator.

He learnt drawing from Maciej Przybylski. From 1830 he studied painting at the Imperial University of Vilnius in the studio of Jan Rustem. He took part in the November Uprising. After the fall of the Uprising, he emigrated to France , where in the years 1833-1836 he continued his painting studies. He also studied in Zaragoza. He worked in London at the court of Queen Victoria, as well as in Italy, Spain and other countries. In 1848 he moved to Lviv, and in 1857 to Vilnius, where he stayed until the end of his life .