Rosalia Amon was an Austrian painter of the Viennese Biedermeier period.

Rosalia Amon was probably a daughter of the Austrian painter Carl Amon. She received private lessons in Vienna from Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, who tried out a new teaching method he had developed for the first time and later stated that the results had exceeded his expectations. When Amon specialized in flower painting, he gradually gave up this genre, allegedly out of consideration for her.

Rosalia Amon lived in Vienna. From 1841 to 1847, she exhibited still lifes and portraits at the annual exhibitions of the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna. She first showed a study head in 1841, but was more successful in the following years with flower and fruit pieces. She also created landscapes with staffage and genre paintings. Her oil paintings sometimes found prominent buyers such as the imperial family and other aristocrats. However, she also painted small, simple bouquets of flowers to decorate the homes of the Viennese bourgeoisie. At an exhibition in 1844, she was judged a worthy successor to the painter Pauline von Koudelka, who died in 1840.

Rosalia Amon died in 1855 at the age of 30 in the Imperial and Royal Lunatic Asylum in Vienna. While she was recognized as an artist in her own right during her lifetime, in the 20th century she was often only perceived as a pupil of Waldmüller and her life and work were barely researched.