Hans Schroedter was born into a family of artists. His grandparents Adolf and Alwine Schroedter, both respected painters, encouraged the adolescent in his desire to also become an artist. In 1891 he began his studies at the Karlsruhe Academy, where well-known painters such as Professor Robert Poetzelsberger, Ernst Schurth and Carlos Grethe were his teachers.In two summer stays in the Duhnen artists´ colony near Cuxhaven and in Berlin, he deepened his studies and dealt intensively with the new Impressionist style. In 1899 he went on a study trip to Paris, which was followed by trips to London and Italy.

From the spring of 1900 he spent four years in Munich, during which he mainly dealt with landscape painting. In 1904 Schroedter returned to Karlsruhe and was a master student of Hans Thoma for two years.After marrying the soprano Tusnelda von Födransperg in 1906, the painter spent the summers on the Baar in Wolterdingen. The austere Baar landscape and the nearby Black Forest captivated the young artist, who finally made Wolterdingen his adopted home in 1914.From 1914 he did military service on the Western Front; most recently as a "war correspondent with a pencil".

In 1919 the Schroedter family moved to Hausen vor Wald. There the artist built his house and studio, in which he lived until his death in 1957.

Schroedter´s creative field included landscape painting, portraiture and genre painting, still life and flower pictures. He also made a name for himself as an illustrator of children´s books and sacred literature.