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Thomas Geminus - Female reproductive system

Female reproductive system (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
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License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects.
Why is this image in the public domain?
The Artist died in 1562 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer.

Thomas Geminus was a pseudonym for the Flemish refugee Thomas Lambrit/Thomas Lambert, an engraver and printer, active from the 1540s in London, and noted for his 1545 Latin work, Compendiosa totius anatomie delineatio, aere exarata ("A complete delineation of the entire anatomy engraved on copper") printed by John Herford. Geminus started work in England by working with Thomas Raynalde and producing "The byrth of Mankinde" aka "The Woman's booke" in 1545.

He was born in Lille. "The byrth of Mankinde", was the best English language reference work on midwifery in the 1500s. Its text was translated from Eucharius Rösslin's "Der schwangern Frauwen und Hebammen Rosengarten". Its first English edition was a 1540 translation by Richard Jonas. The second, by Thomas Raynalde, appeared in 1545 and saw many editions in the next 100 years. It discussed fertility, pregnancy, birth, and infant care, with the best anatomical descriptions then available. Its illustrations were again after Vesalius via Geminus's "Compendiosa".

The "Compendiosa totius anatomie" consisted of 41 unnumbered engraved sheets and was dedicated to Edward VI. One of the sheets was a fold-out engraving of the external anatomy of Adam and Eve; in addition there were 3 engravings of the skeleton, 16 of the muscles, 5 of the arteries and veins, 4 of the nerves, 6 of the organs, 4 of the brain, and one of the eye and its parts, all after woodcuts by Vesalius. The Latin edition of 1545 had been distributed in Italy, France, Spain, Germany, and other countries. Geminus wrote in the later English version that it had been produced for the benefit of "unlatined Surgeons". He had employed Nicholas Udall, the playwright, to translate some of the work, while the text was taken from an early translation of Henri de Mondeville's "Surgery". The book was a great success, printing three editions in England - one in Latin (1545) and two in English translation (1553 and 1559).

In his engraved copies, Geminus removed all the detail he regarded as superfluous, notably the background landscapes which had informed Vesalius's images. The copperplate engravings were the first ever to be done in England, and enjoyed a large following in France. Jacques Grévin, the French poet who also happened to be a physician and writer on matters medical, had print editions done from Geminus's plates in 1564, 1565 and a French translation in 1569. Watermarks suggest that the plates for the 1564 Paris edition were printed in London and then transported to Paris.

More Illustrations in Book: Compendiosa totius anatomie delineatio, ære exarata (View all 41)

Quinta figura. [Digestive tract, another view]

Quinta figura. [Digestive tract, another view] (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
Tert. fig.; Integram totius magnæ arteriæ ab omnibus partibus liberæ delineationiem monstrat

Tert. fig.; Integram totius magnæ arteriæ ab omnibus partibus liberæ delineationiem monstrat (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
Compendiosa totius anatomie delineatio, ære exarata – Title page

Compendiosa totius anatomie delineatio, ære exarata – Title page (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
The Digestive organs

The Digestive organs (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
Quarta musculorum tabula. [Shows the muscles with fingers pointing down]

Quarta musculorum tabula. [Shows the muscles with fingers pointing down] (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
Decima quinta musculorum tabula quae preterea continet figuras

Decima quinta musculorum tabula quae preterea continet figuras (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
Human digestive system

Human digestive system (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
Vndecima musculorum tabula

Vndecima musculorum tabula (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
Prima huirus tractatus fig; Venæ portæ ortum progresumque’ præseferens

Prima huirus tractatus fig; Venæ portæ ortum progresumque’ præseferens (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
Prima neruorum figura — Secunda neruorum figura. [Brain and cranial nerves]

Prima neruorum figura — Secunda neruorum figura. [Brain and cranial nerves] (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
Octaua musculorum tabula. [Shows face with tongue sticking out]

Octaua musculorum tabula. [Shows face with tongue sticking out] (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
Quinta musculorum tabula

Quinta musculorum tabula (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
An atomy of the male body

An atomy of the male body (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
1. Musculorum laringis quartuordecim figurç – 2. De musculis peni peculiaribus

1. Musculorum laringis quartuordecim figurç – 2. De musculis peni peculiaribus (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
Sixta fig; Venarum panter acarterum Carebri senem explicat – Ven & arterialis delineatio – Arteria venalis processvs

Sixta fig; Venarum panter acarterum Carebri senem explicat – Ven & arterialis delineatio – Arteria venalis processvs (1545)

Thomas Geminus (Flemish, 1510 – 1562)
View all 41 Artworks

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