Tobias "Toby" Edward Rosenthal was an American painter.

Moving to San Francisco with his parents in 1855, he there studied painting under Fortunato Arriola. In 1865 he went to Munich, where he was a pupil of the Royal Academy under A. Strachuber, Karl Raupp and Karl Theodor von Piloty. He received medals in Munich in 1870 and 1883, and in Philadelphia in 1876. Except for some visits home, his professional life was spent in Europe.

He taught classes at California School of Design (now known as San Francisco Art Institute), where his students included Joseph Dwight Strong, Jr.