Curt Agthe was a German genre and landscape painter.

Curt Agthe was born in Berlin as the son of the piano maker Oscar Agthe (May 23, 1835 - July 18, 1909) . Little is known about his training at the Berlin Academy. One of his teachers was the history painter Anton von Werner, who had been the academy director since 1875. Agthe himself names Max Michael, who has been teaching at the Academy since 1875, as a teacher. The painter Eduard Hildebrandt can also be verified as a teacher. One of Agthe's classmates is the painter Felix Borchardt.

From 1891 to at least 1939 Agthe was a member of the Berlin Artists' Association. His pictures were exhibited regularly around the turn of the century. In 1937 his pergola was shown in Anacapri at the Great German Art Exhibition, but his paintings were rarely collected by the major museums. In 1939 the painter Heinrich Lorenzen (1900–1977), who was a friend of Agthe, made a portrait showing Agthe, a white cockatoo on his shoulder, in his own studio. Curt Agthe died in 1943 and was buried in the second cemetery of the Trinity Community at Bergmannstrasse 39-41 in Berlin-Kreuzberg, field M.