Jan van Orley or Jan van Orley II was a Flemish painter, draughtsman, printmaker and designer of tapestries. Van Orley was one of the major figures of Flemish tapestry design in the late 17th and early 18th century.

After the destruction by French troops of a large number of religious and civic buildings during the Bombardment of Brussels in 1695 he obtained many commissions for religious paintings to redecorate the churches in Brussels that had been destroyed by the French onslaught.

Jan van Orley was born in Brussels in 1665 and trained with his father Pieter (called Siret), who was a landscape artist and miniaturist. He was the younger brother of Richard van Orley who was a prominent engraver and painter. The van Orley family was a leading artistic dynasty and the profession was passed on from father to son over the centuries. Bernard van Orley (1488-1541) was the most famous scion of the family.

Unlike his brother Richard or his contemporary Victor Honoré Janssens, Jan van Orley never studied or lived in Italy. Jan is mainly recorded as having worked in Brussels.

Jan van Orley started his career as a miniaturist. On 13, 14 and 15 August 1695 French troops carried out the first artillery bombardment on a civil population in modern history. This event, known as the Bombardment of Brussels, caused the destruction of a third of the buildings in Brussels, including civil and religious buildings. The centre of the city was almost entirely destroyed by fire. After the destruction, Brussels' authorities and institutions commenced rebuilding immediately and places of worship, public buildings and guild halls arose from the ashes. This led to many commissions for artists to replace destroyed artworks. Jan van Orley and Victor Honoré Janssens were the principal history painters in Brussels who benefited from this situation. Jan van Orley succeeded in securing commissions for about 30 paintings for the decoration of religious and civic buildings. These included a Crucifixion for the chapel of the Black Nuns and a Christ among the Doctors (St Nicolas Church, Brussels). Another painter who received many commissions to redecorate the Brussels churches was Zeger Jacob van Helmont and some works of van Helmont were earlier misattributed to Jan van Orley.