Caspar Johann Nepomuk Scheuren was a German painter and illustrator.

His father, Aegidius Scheuren [de] was also an artist. After receiving his initial training at home, he studied landscape painting at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, from 1829 to 1835. His Romantic tendencies were encouraged by his admiration for the works of Johann Wilhelm Schirmer and Carl Friedrich Lessing. He was also inspired by the writings of Sir Walter Scott.

By the end of the 1830s, he had already begun to move away from traditional landscape painting, to develop an allegorical style, in which landscapes, figures (staffage) and ornamentation are combined in imaginative ways. Most of his works came to involve motifs from the stories and legends of the Rhine region; a genre which was known as Rhine romanticism.

From 1839, he lived in Düsseldorf, and came to be associated with the Düsseldorf School of painting. He was appointed a Professor at the Academy in 1855.

Most of his works came to involve motifs from the stories and legends of the Rhine region; a genre which was known as Rhine romanticism. He created over 300 oil paintings, 600 watercolors, and 400 prints. His large album, dedicated to Schloss Stolzenfels, has been digitalized by the Rheinische Landesbibliothek Koblenz [de]. His works may also be seen at the National Gallery (Berlin), and the Wallraf–Richartz Museum in Cologne.

In 1890, the Aachener Geschichtsverein [de] (historical society) placed a commemorative plaque at his birthplace.