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Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki - Alte bucklige Frau am Butterfass

Alte bucklige Frau am Butterfass

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
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License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects.
Why is this image in the public domain?
The Artist died in 1801 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer.
Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki

Daniel Niklaus Chodowiecki was a German painter and printmaker of Huguenot and Polish ancestry, who is most famous as an etcher. He spent most of his life in Berlin, and became the director of the Berlin Academy of Art.

He was born in the city of Danzig (Gdańsk) in Poland, and in a letter “in typical Berlin humor” wrote “that he moved to Berlin, Germany, which shows for sure, that he is a 'genuine Pole'.” He kept close to the Huguenot scene, due to his ancestry.

According to Chodowiecki himself, his Polish nobleman paternal ancestor Bartłomiej Chodowiecki lived in the 16th century in Greater Poland, though thus is not confirmed by independent records. Gottfried Chodowiecki, Daniel's father, was a tradesman in Danzig and his mother, Henriette Ayrer, of Swiss ancestry, was a Huguenot. Daniel's grandfather Christian was also a Danzig tradesman, who had moved his business there from Toruń. When his father died, both Daniel (aged 16) and his younger brother Gottfried Chodowiecki went to live with their uncle in Berlin, who offered to educate them. In Germany Daniel received artistic training from the painter Haid in Augsburg. His brother also became a painter.

He had three daughters, Jeannette (b. 1761, married the French reformed preacher Jacques Papin), Suzanne (1763–1819) and Henriette (1770–1880). Jeannette's daughter Marianne Gretschel neé Chodowiecka Papin (1794–1870) and her son Heinrich Papin (1786–1839) also became artists.

Soon Daniel was able to earn a living by painting. He was admitted to the Berlin Academy in 1764 and became vice-director under Bernhard Rode in 1788. He found his true calling and became the most famous German graphic artist of his time. His works include several thousand etchings, usually rather small, and many drawings and paintings. His book illustrations embrace almost all the great classics. His prints represent in great detail the life of the bourgeoisie during the Zopfstil period, a time between Rococo and Classicism. In 1797 Chodowiecki was appointed director of the Academy of Arts in Berlin, where he died on 7 February 1801. The bulk of his work was in illustrating scientific books by Basedow, Buffon, Lavater, Pestalozzi and others. He also painted many portraits of Polish nobility and was interested in Huguenot and Polish history as well, making some paintings on the subjects. He was in tune with the developing spirit of the age, and many works reflect the cult of sensibility, and then the revolutionary and German nationalist feelings of the end of the century.

In printmaking, he is credited with the invention of the deliberate remarque, a small sketch on a plate lying outside the main image. These were originally little sketches or doodles by artists, not really meant to be seen, but Chodowiecki turned them into "bonus items" for collectors.

Chodowiecki, though speaking only French and German (due to his offices in the Huguenot French community in Berlin he often spoke French), many times also declared his Polish allegiance and had his son Isaac Heinrich, born in Berlin, painted as a very young child with a Polish outfit and haircut. After the Partitions of Poland Chodowiecki wrote to Gräfin Solms-Laubach: "From my father's side I am Polish, a descendant of a brave nation which will soon vanish". In a letter to pl:Józef Łęski, a Polish astronomer, he wrote: "I consider it an honour to be a genuine Pole, even though I am now living in Germany". Because of his mother's and his wife's Huguenot descent he was very close to the Huguenots of Berlin. Nearly all his life and career was spent in Germany, writing in German and living in Berlin from the age of almost 17.

One of his most popular books is the "Journey from Berlin to Danzig" (German: "Die Reise von Berlin nach Danzig", 1773) with many illustrations. He purchased a horse rather than going by stage coach. This was his first return after 30 years absence and he went specifically to see his elderly mother and sisters in Danzig again. He made only one more trip to Danzig afterwards, to his mother's funeral. He describes and illustrates towns and people in Pomerania and Prussia on the way.

Chodowiecki is buried at the Französischer Friedhof cemetery in Berlin.

More Artworks by Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (View all 179 Artworks)

Clarissa steht neben einem Tisch mit drei brennenden Kerzen (Stärke besiegt durch List)

Clarissa steht neben einem Tisch mit drei brennenden Kerzen (Stärke besiegt durch List) (ca. 1791)

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Junger Mann im Profil nach rechts, den Hut in der Hand, sich verbeugend

Junger Mann im Profil nach rechts, den Hut in der Hand, sich verbeugend (1776)

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Friedrich der Große zu Pferde vor einer Gruppe von Husaren

Friedrich der Große zu Pferde vor einer Gruppe von Husaren (ca. 1800)

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Am Boden sitzendes Mädchen mit einem Kind auf dem Schoß

Am Boden sitzendes Mädchen mit einem Kind auf dem Schoß (1761)

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Crying man

Crying man

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Eine Dame mit Haube auf einem Lehnstuhl sitzend, nach links gewandt, fast von hinten gesehen

Eine Dame mit Haube auf einem Lehnstuhl sitzend, nach links gewandt, fast von hinten gesehen (ca 1760)

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Kniende Dame im Profil nach links, die Ellbogen auf einen Stuhl gestützt, die Hände gefaltet

Kniende Dame im Profil nach links, die Ellbogen auf einen Stuhl gestützt, die Hände gefaltet (1776)

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Sitzende junge Frau mit Umhang, halb nach rechts gewandt, die Rechte an die Schläfe gelegt

Sitzende junge Frau mit Umhang, halb nach rechts gewandt, die Rechte an die Schläfe gelegt (1760)

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Clarissa sitzt in der Gefängniszelle

Clarissa sitzt in der Gefängniszelle (ca. 1796)

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Zwei untersetzte Herren und eine große Dame

Zwei untersetzte Herren und eine große Dame

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Vor einem Himmelbett im Hintergrund des Zimmers liegt Clarissa ohnmächtig am Boden

Vor einem Himmelbett im Hintergrund des Zimmers liegt Clarissa ohnmächtig am Boden (ca. 1796)

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Die Kinder Cléry’s, eines Kammerdieners Ludwigs XVI.

Die Kinder Cléry’s, eines Kammerdieners Ludwigs XVI. (ca. 1799)

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Sitzendes junges Mädchen, im Profil nach rechts, das von einem hinter ihm stehenden Mann frisiert wird

Sitzendes junges Mädchen, im Profil nach rechts, das von einem hinter ihm stehenden Mann frisiert wird (1760)

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Nach links schreitender Mann, den Hut in der Linken, etwas von hinten gesehen, die rechte Hand leicht erhoben

Nach links schreitender Mann, den Hut in der Linken, etwas von hinten gesehen, die rechte Hand leicht erhoben

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
Vorne links ein Mann, der den rechten Fuß auf einen Stuhl gestellt hat und sich Sporen anlegt

Vorne links ein Mann, der den rechten Fuß auf einen Stuhl gestellt hat und sich Sporen anlegt

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (German, 1726 - 1801)
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