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Alfred Jacob Miller - A Shoshonee Indian Smoking

A Shoshonee Indian Smoking (ca. 1860s)

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
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License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects.
Why is this image in the public domain?
The Artist died in 1874 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer. It is in the public domain in the United States because it was published or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office before Jan 1, 1926
Alfred Jacob Miller

Alfred Jacob Miller was an American artist best known for his paintings of trappers and Native Americans in the fur trade of the western United States. He also painted numerous portraits and genre paintings in and around Baltimore during the mid-nineteenth century.

Miller was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the eldest of nine children of George W. and Harriet J. Miller. Miller's father was a merchant and tavern keeper in central Baltimore, and also had a farm in Hawkins Point. Miller attended a private school in Baltimore, John D. Craig's Academy, but did not receive formal art instruction there. He may have received his first lessons in art from Thomas Sully. In 1832, with the financial support of his family and art patrons in Baltimore, Miller traveled to Paris to study art. He was admitted as an auditor to life drawing classes at the École des Beaux-Arts, and copied paintings in the collections of the Louvre. In 1833, he traveled to Italy, visiting Bologna, Florence, and Venice before settling in Rome, where he studies at the English Life School. During his travels in Europe, he became friends with the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorwaldsen and studied with the French painter Horace Vernet.

He returned to Baltimore in 1834, where he opened a downtown studio and advertised himself as a painter of portraits and Old Master copies. Professional and financial difficulties may have prompted his decision to move to New Orleans in 1837. The city was a relatively open market for artists, and Miller quickly established a studio on Chartes Street and began receiving orders for portraits. It was in his studio that he met the Scottish aristocrat and adventurer, Sir William Drummond Stewart, who hired Miller to accompany him and record his hunting journey to the Rocky Mountains. That same year, along with representatives of the American Fur Company, they ventured as far as Fort William and Green River.

After returning to New Orleans later that year, Miller started working up his sketches in watercolors and oils. The scenes and incidents of the hunting journey were the foundation of a series of paintings documenting Native Americans of the United States. In July 1838 Miller was able to arrange an exhibition in New Orleans. In October 1840 he traveled with his paintings to Stewart's Murthly Castle in Scotland, where a collection of his commissioned work was ultimately hung.

After spending a year in Scotland and another in London, Miller returned to Baltimore in April 1842. He established himself as an acknowledged portrait artist in the city. He died on June 26, 1874.

More Artworks by Alfred Jacob Miller (View all 26 Artworks)

Running a Bank of Elk, Near the Cut Rocks of the Platte

Running a Bank of Elk, Near the Cut Rocks of the Platte (circa 1837)

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
Buffalo Hunt

Buffalo Hunt

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
Shooting a Cougar

Shooting a Cougar

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
The Scalplock

The Scalplock

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
All Hail to the Brave and the Free

All Hail to the Brave and the Free

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
Indian guide.

Indian guide. (1837)

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
Sunset, Wind River

Sunset, Wind River (circa 1855)

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
Caravan En Route [Sir William Drummond Stewart’s Caravan]

Caravan En Route [Sir William Drummond Stewart’s Caravan] (circa 1850)

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
The Scalp-Lock

The Scalp-Lock

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
Sioux Indian at a Grave

Sioux Indian at a Grave

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
After the Battle; The Scalp Lock

After the Battle; The Scalp Lock (circa 1858)

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
Indian Caressing his Horse

Indian Caressing his Horse

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
Lassoing Wild Horses

Lassoing Wild Horses

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
Election Scene, Catonsville,Baltimore County

Election Scene, Catonsville,Baltimore County (c. 1860)

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
Rocky Pass in a Storm, Caravan Crossing the Heights

Rocky Pass in a Storm, Caravan Crossing the Heights (circa 1837)

Alfred Jacob Miller (American, 1810-1874)
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