Gillis Peeters, was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and engraver who contributed to the development of marine art and landscape painting in Flanders.

He was born in Antwerp. He was the older brother of the marine painters Catharina, Jan I and Bonaventura Peeters. He is recorded in 1631 as the pupil of the Dutch flower painter Anthony Claesz the Younger who had left his home country in 1629.

In 1634 Gillis became together with his brother Bonaventura a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke. Initially the two brothers shared a studio in Antwerp until in 1641 Bonaventura moved to Hoboken (Antwerp) where he worked in a studio with his siblings and pupils Catharina and Jan Peeters.

It is believed that Gillis travelled to Brazil, possibly on two occasions. The first time would have been in 1636 when he travelled probably in the company of Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen who had been appointed the governor of the Dutch possessions in Brazil. He arrived in Brazil in 1637 but only stayed until the next year. He possible returned to Brazil in 1640. During his stay in Brazil he produced four paintings of views of Brazil and numerous drawings that were subsequently used by himself and his brother Bonaventura in paintings of Brazilian scenes.

He was the father of Willem, Gillis the Younger and Bonaventura the Younger. Bonaventura the Younger was a sailor and marine artist. There are also landscapes known by Gillis the Younger.

He died in Antwerp.