José Jiménez Aranda was a Spanish painter and brother of the painters Luis Jiménez Aranda and Manuel Jiménez Aranda.

He was initiated in his first steps towards becoming a painter by Manuel Cabral and Eduardo Cano.

Gifted at drawing, in 1851 he entered the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de Santa Isabel de Hungría (Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary) in Seville. In 1868 he studied the collections in the Museo del Prado (Prado Museum) in Madrid, especially those of Goya and Velázquez. In 1867 he travelled to Jerez de la Frontera to work as a restorer and designer of stained glass. In 1871 he moved to Rome, where he remained for four years, getting to know Mariano Fortuny, who greatly influenced his paintings.

In 1881 he moved to París, where he studied for nine years, painting works set in the eighteenth century in the style of Fortuny with notable success. In 1890 he moved to Madrid, painting scenes of everyday life in a more costumbrista style.

The death of his wife and daughter in 1892 resulted in his returning to his city of birth for the rest of his life. There he was appointed member of the Academy of Fine Arts, where he became a teacher, a position he held until his death in 1903. Daniel Vázquez Díaz, Eugenio Hermoso, Ricardo López Cabrera, Manuel González Santos and Sanz Arizmendi were his pupils during this time in Seville.

In the last decade of the nineteenth century he frequented the Alcala de Guadaíra circle of landscape painters, leaving this genre some examples of "grand master" works (according to Sorolla).

Among his best known works are: A Pass in the Bullring (1880), Una desgracia (A Disaster – 1890) and Slave for Sale (c.1897).

He was also a noted cartoonist and illustrator, producing 689 highlighted drawings for the tercentenary edition of Don Quijote (published 1905).