Michel-Barthélémy Ollivier was a French painter and engraver. He specialized in historical and genre scenes.

He came from a family of painters, including his father, Louis (1686-?), grandfather Antoine (1645-1716) and cousin Cosme (1651-?).

He attended the Académie de Saint-Luc and the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture. He also studied with Charles-André van Loo. When Van Loo's nephew, Louis-Michel van Loo, was appointed a court painter to King Philip V of Spain, Ollivier accompanied him to Madrid.

He had returned to Paris by 1750, when he married Faronne-Marie-Madeleine Lefebvre, but returned to Spain with her and remained there until 1763.

He was certified as a genre painter at the Académie de Saint-Luc in 1764 and, two years later, became an "agré" (a type of candidate member) at the Académie royale. In 1772, he visited England, where he exhibited at the newly established Royal Academy in London.

Many of his works were created for Louis François, Prince of Conti, for whom he was the "peintre ordinaire" (painter-in-waiting).