Friedrich Friedländer, later Friedrich Ritter von Friedländer-Malheim (Mahlheim), was a Bohemian-Austrian painter.

Friedländer was born in Kohljanowitz/Uhlířské Janovice, Bohemia. He studied at the Vienna Academy, and later under Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, and visited Italy in 1850, Düsseldorf in 1852, and finally Paris. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.

He devoted himself at first to historical pictures, creating a genuine sensation with his painting entitled "The Death of Tasso". After 1854 he painted genre pictures exclusively, taking his subjects chiefly from military life and the local life of Vienna. His scenes from Swabian folk-life are well known. He died in Vienna.