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Marcus Elieser Bloch - 1. 2. Syngnathus Biaculeatus, The Double-Spiny Pipe; 3. Pegasus Natans, The Swimmer.

1. 2. Syngnathus Biaculeatus, The Double-Spiny Pipe; 3. Pegasus Natans, The Swimmer. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
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The Artist died in 1799 so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries where the copyright term is the Artist's life plus 70 years or fewer.
Marcus Elieser Bloch

Marcus Elieser Bloch was a German physician and naturalist who is best known for his contribution to ichthyology through his multi-volume catalog of plates illustrating the fishes of the world. Brought up in a Hebrew-speaking Jewish family, he learned German and Latin and studied anatomy before settling in Berlin as a physician. He amassed a large natural history collection, particularly of fish specimens. He is generally considered one of the most important ichthyologists of the 18th century, and wrote many papers on natural history, comparative anatomy, and physiology.

Bloch was born at Ansbach in 1723 where his father was a Torah writer and his mother owned a small shop. Educated at home in Hebrew literature he became a private tutor in Hamburg for a Jewish surgeon. Here he learned German, Latin and anatomy. He then studied medicine in Berlin and received a doctorate in 1762 from Frankfort on the Oder with a treatise on skin disorders. He then became a general practitioner in Berlin and married Breinche, daughter of "protected Jew" Ruben Joseph Rintel (1699–1765?) in 1765. This allowed him to settle in Berlin. Bloch helped found the Society of Friends of Natural Sciences in 1773 along with Moses Mendelssohn serving also as Mendelssohn's physician. He began to establish a large natural history collection and a library. He also began to publish in journals. Breinche died in 1769 and their only son died aged 21 while on a trip to Paris to sell the book on fishes that his father had written. In 1774 he married Cheile, daughter of banker Joseph Veitel Ephraim (1775–1807) and they would have a daughter who married physician Wolf Davidson (1772–1800). After the death of Cheile, he married Rahel, daughter of a Jewish social worker Jeremias Bendix (1735 -1790), and they had a son and two daughters.

Bloch became interested in fishes only in 1782 after finding fish that he could not find a name for in the works of Linnaeus. He then began to collect fishes and had fish specimens sent from around the world, including correspondents from as far as India like Johann Gerhard König and Christoph Samuel John. The collection was of nearly 1400 specimens and about 800 are now in the Bloch Cabinet of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. He began to catalog the fishes of Germany in publications from 1782 to 1784, and on fishes from abroad until 1795, printing the books with copper plate engravings made largely at his own expense. He later managed to get subscribers including the Queen and Prince of Prussia, the Prince of Saxe-Coburg, the royal families of Denmark, Sweden, Poland and the court banker Isaac Daniel Itzig. Bloch also published on medicine, writing on such topics as the waters of Pyrmont and on intestinal parasitic worms.

Bloch visited Paris in 1797 to examine the fish collections there and returned via Holland. His health became poor and he went to Carlsbad where he died of a stroke. He was buried in the Jewish cemetery at Lichtenstadt.

More Illustrations in Book: Ichtylogie, ou Histoire naturelle; génerale et particuliére des poissons (View all 430)

1. Embrio Squali, An Embryo of a Shark; 2. Ammodytes Tobianus, The Launce.

1. Embrio Squali, An Embryo of a Shark; 2. Ammodytes Tobianus, The Launce. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
1. Chaetodon Curacao, The Angel -fish of Curacoo; 2. Chaetodon Faber, The Smith.

1. Chaetodon Curacao, The Angel -fish of Curacoo; 2. Chaetodon Faber, The Smith. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Scomber Carangus, The Carangoe.

Scomber Carangus, The Carangoe. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Clupea africana, The africain Herring.

Clupea africana, The africain Herring. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
1. Labrus tesselatus, The wainscotted Wrasse; 2. Labrus quinquemaculatus,The five maculated Wrasse.

1. Labrus tesselatus, The wainscotted Wrasse; 2. Labrus quinquemaculatus,The five maculated Wrasse. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Gadus Merlangus, The Whiting.

Gadus Merlangus, The Whiting. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Sparus Brama

Sparus Brama (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Zeus Faber, The Doree.

Zeus Faber, The Doree. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Scomber niger, The Negro-Mackrel.

Scomber niger, The Negro-Mackrel. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Cyprinus Carassius, The Crucian.

Cyprinus Carassius, The Crucian. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
1. Chaetodon bimaculatus; 2. Chaetodon biaculeatus.

1. Chaetodon bimaculatus; 2. Chaetodon biaculeatus. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
1. Eques americanus, The Ribban-Fish; 2. Scomber Kleinii, Klein’s Mackrel.

1. Eques americanus, The Ribban-Fish; 2. Scomber Kleinii, Klein’s Mackrel. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Esox Sphyraena, The Sea-Pike.

Esox Sphyraena, The Sea-Pike. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Lonchurus barbatus, The bearded Lancet-tail.

Lonchurus barbatus, The bearded Lancet-tail. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
Gymnothorax Afer, The africain Bare-Breast.

Gymnothorax Afer, The africain Bare-Breast. (1785-1797)

Marcus Elieser Bloch (German, 1723–1799)
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