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Maximilien Luce
Maximilien Luce

Maximilien Luce

French, 1858-1941
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Maximilien Luce was a prolific French Neo-impressionist artist, known for his paintings, illustrations, engravings, and graphic art, and also for his anarchist activism. Starting as an engraver, he then concentrated on painting, first as an Impressionist, then as a Pointillist, and finally returning to Impressionism.

Maximilien-Jules-Constant Luce was born on 13 March 1858 in Paris. His parents, of modest means, were Charles-Désiré Luce (1823–1888), a railway clerk, and Louise-Joséphine Dunas (1822–1878). The family lived in the Montparnasse, a working-class district of Paris. Luce attended school at l'Ecole communale, beginning in 1864.

In 1872, the fourteen-year-old Luce became an apprentice with wood-engraver Henri-Théophile Hildebrand (1824–1897). During his three-year xylography apprenticeship, he also took night classes in drawing from instructors Truffet and Jules-Ernest Paris (1827–1895). During this period, Luce started painting in oils. He moved with his family to the southern Paris suburb of Montrouge. His art education continued as he attended drawing classes taught by Diogène Maillard (1840–1926) at the Gobelins tapestry factory.

Luce began working in the studio of Eugène Froment (1844–1900) in 1876, producing woodcut prints for various publications, including L'Illustration and London's The Graphic. He took additional art courses, at l'Académie Suisse, and also in the studio of portrait painter Carolus-Duran (1837–1917). Through Froment's studio, Luce became friends with Léo Gausson and Émile-Gustave Cavallo-Péduzzi. These three artists spent time around Lagny-sur-Marne creating Impressionist landscapes.

Luce spent four years in the military, starting in 1879, serving in Brittany at Guingamp. The next year, he received a promotion to corporal, and he became friends with Alexandre Millerand, who, in 1920, assumed the office of President of France. In 1881 he requested the restoration of his lower rank of soldier, second class. Carolus-Duran used his influence to get a transfer for Luce to Paris barracks. His stint in the military came to a close in 1883.

The prevalence of the new zincography printing process rendered xylography nearly obsolete as a profession. When the opportunities for employment as an engraver became scarce, Luce shifted his focus to painting full-time in about 1883.

Gausson and Cavallo-Péduzzi introduced Luce in about 1884 to the Divisionist technique developed by Georges Seurat. This influenced Luce to begin painting in the Pointillist style. In contrast to Seurat's detached manner, Luce's paintings were passionate portrayals of contemporary subjects, depicting the "violent effects of light". He moved to Montmartre in 1887. Luce joined the Société des Artistes Indépendants and participated in their third spring exhibition, where Paul Signac purchased one of his pieces, La Toilette. Camille Pissarro and critic Félix Fénéon were also impressed by the seven Luce works displayed in the show. Fénéon characterized Luce as a "coarse, honest man, with a rough and muscular talent". In addition to Pissarro and Signac, he met many of the other Neo-impressionists, including Seurat, Henri-Edmond Cross, Charles Angrand, Armand Guillaumin, Hippolyte Petitjean, Albert Dubois-Pillet, and Pissarro's son Lucien. A New York Times critic declared this Pointillist period to be the pinnacle of Luce's artistic career, singling out the radiant 1895 painting On the Bank of the Seine at Poissy as an example. He described the skillfully executed painting as "a lyrical celebration of nature".

With the exception of the years 1915 to 1919, Luce exhibited in every show at Les Indépendants from 1887 until he died in 1941, including a thirty-year retrospective held in 1926. In 1909, he was elected Vice President of the Société des Artistes Indépendants, and was elected President in 1935, following the death of Signac, who had held the post since 1908. However, in 1940 he resigned from the position as a protest against the Vichy regime's laws which would have prohibited Jewish artists from participating in the group. Luce had his first solo exhibition, arranged by Fénéon, in July 1888, exhibiting ten paintings at the La Revue indépendante offices. He showed six paintings at the 1889 Les XX exhibition in Brussels. While there, he met Les XX official Octave Maus, as well as Symbolist poet Emile Verhaeren and fellow Neo-impressionist painter Théo van Rysselberghe. Luce's work was also featured in the ninth Les XX exhibition, in 1892.

In the spring of 1892 Luce traveled with Pissarro to London. Later that year, he visited Saint-Tropez with Signac, and in the summer of 1893, he went to Brittany.

Starting near the early part of the twentieth century, his identification with the Neo-impressionists began to disappear, as he became less active politically, and his artistic style shifted from Neo-impressionism, and he resumed painting in an Impressionist manner. Some of his paintings during this period depicted wounded World War I soldiers arriving from the battlefront to Paris.

Luce depicted a diverse range of subjects in his works over a long career. He most frequently created landscapes, but his other works include portraits, still lifes (especially florals), domestic scenes, such as bathers, and images of welders, rolling mill operators, and other laborers.

179 items

Show 30 50 70
Vue de Paramé

Vue de Paramé (1925)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Vase de fleurs

Vase de fleurs

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Still Life
L’Acierie

L’Acierie (1899)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Figurative
Portrait d’homme

Portrait d’homme (1895)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Figurative
L’inondation à Longchamp

L’inondation à Longchamp (1912)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Éragny, Les Meules

Éragny, Les Meules (1897)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Jour de marché à Gisors (rue Cappeville)

Jour de marché à Gisors (rue Cappeville) (1897)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
La Vallée Industrielle de la Sambre

La Vallée Industrielle de la Sambre (1898-99)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Pochade pour Notre-Dame

Pochade pour Notre-Dame (1899)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Rolleboise, les coteaux de la Rouge Voie

Rolleboise, les coteaux de la Rouge Voie (1925)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Le scieur de fagots

Le scieur de fagots (1935)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Figurative
Travaux sur la chaussée, les charpentiers

Travaux sur la chaussée, les charpentiers (1930-1935)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Figurative
Le fardier

Le fardier

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Figurative
Portrait de femme

Portrait de femme (1903)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Figurative
Arbres dans un paysage

Arbres dans un paysage (circa 1908)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Bouquet d’arbres

Bouquet d’arbres

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
La route aux environs de Méréville

La route aux environs de Méréville (1902)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Le port de Rotterdam

Le port de Rotterdam (1908)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Saint-Tropez au bord de la mer Méditerranée

Saint-Tropez au bord de la mer Méditerranée (1893)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Kermouster, Embouchure du Trieux

Kermouster, Embouchure du Trieux (circa 1914-1915)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Les inondations

Les inondations (1910)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Paysage à Saint-Tropez

Paysage à Saint-Tropez (1892)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Rolleboise, Le petit bras de Seine

Rolleboise, Le petit bras de Seine

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
Hochofen (Blast furnaces)

Hochofen (Blast furnaces) (1898)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Illustration
Méréville, le troupeau de moutons

Méréville, le troupeau de moutons (1902-1903)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Landscape
L’Incendiaire

L’Incendiaire (1896)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Illustration
Death as a Reaper

Death as a Reaper (late 19th–early 20th century)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Drawings
Trois hommes

Trois hommes (1892)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Drawings
Dessin de presse pour ‘La Bataille syndicaliste’

Dessin de presse pour ‘La Bataille syndicaliste’ (1915)

Maximilien Luce (French, 1858-1941)
Drawings
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