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Max Liebermann
Max Liebermann

Max Liebermann

German, 1847-1935
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Max Liebermann was a German painter and printmaker of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry, and one of the leading proponents of Impressionism in Germany.

The son of a Jewish fabric manufacturer turned banker from Berlin, Liebermann grew up in an imposing town house alongside the Brandenburg Gate. He first studied law and philosophy at the University of Berlin, but later studied painting and drawing in Weimar in 1869, in Paris in 1872, and in the Netherlands in 1876–77. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), Liebermann served as a medic with the Order of St. John near Metz. After living and working for some time in Munich, he finally returned to Berlin in 1884, where he remained for the rest of his life. He was married in 1884 to Martha Marckwald (1857–1943).

He used his own inherited wealth to assemble an impressive collection of French Impressionist works. He later chose scenes of the bourgeoisie, as well as aspects of his garden near Lake Wannsee, as motifs for his paintings. In Berlin, he became a famous painter of portraits; his work is especially close in spirit to Édouard Manet. In his work he steered away from religious subject matter, with one cautionary exception being an early painting, The 12-Year-Old Jesus in the Temple With the Scholars (1879). His painting of a Semitic-looking boy Jesus conferring with Jewish scholars sparked debate. At the International Art Show in Munich it stirred up a storm for its supposed blasphemy, with one critic describing Jesus as "the ugliest, most impertinent Jewish boy imaginable." Noted for his portraits (he did more than 200 commissioned ones over the years, including of Albert Einstein and Paul von Hindenburg), Liebermann also painted himself from time to time.

On the occasion of his 50th birthday, Liebermann was given a solo exhibition at the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin, and the following year he was elected to the academy. From 1899 to 1911 he led the premier avant-garde formation in Germany, the Berlin Secession. In his various capacities as a leader in the artistic community, Liebermann spoke out often for the separation of art and politics. In the formulation of arts reporter and critic Grace Glueck he "pushed for the right of artists to do their own thing, unconcerned with politics or ideology." His interest in French Realism was offputting to conservatives, for whom such openness suggested what they thought of as Jewish cosmopolitanism. He did contribute regularly to a newspaper put out by artists during World War I.

Beginning in 1920 he was president of the Prussian Academy of Arts. On his 80th birthday, in 1927, Liebermann was celebrated with a large exhibition, declared an honorary citizen of Berlin and hailed in a cover story in Berlin's leading illustrated magazine. But such public accolades were short lived. In 1933 he resigned when the academy decided to no longer exhibit works by Jewish artists, before he would have been forced to do so under laws restricting the rights of Jews. While watching the Nazis celebrate their victory by marching through the Brandenburg Gate, Liebermann was reported to have commented: "Ich kann gar nicht soviel fressen, wie ich kotzen möchte." ("I could not possibly eat as much as I would like to throw up.").

His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

Liebermann died on February 8, 1935, at his home on Berlin's Pariser Platz, near the Brandenburg Gate. According to Käthe Kollwitz, he fell asleep about 7 p.m. and was gone.

230 items

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Holländerin, stehend in den Dünen nach links

Holländerin, stehend in den Dünen nach links (circa 1887)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
The artist’s granddaughter and her nurse playing in the garden

The artist’s granddaughter and her nurse playing in the garden (1919)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Muttersau und Ferkel, Studien zum Schweinekoben

Muttersau und Ferkel, Studien zum Schweinekoben (1887)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Animals
Stehender Bauer auf einem Wege

Stehender Bauer auf einem Wege (1897)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Schweinekoben, Wochenstube

Schweinekoben, Wochenstube (1887)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
The Ropewalk in Edam

The Ropewalk in Edam (1904)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Die Colomierstraße in Wannsee

Die Colomierstraße in Wannsee (1917)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Landscape
Wannseegarten – Haus mit roten Stauden

Wannseegarten – Haus mit roten Stauden (1926)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Landscape
Spielende Kinder am Strand

Spielende Kinder am Strand (circa 1899)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Landscape
Interior 

Interior  (1910-1920)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Still Life
Two little Girls

Two little Girls (circa 1902)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Arbeiter im Rübenfeld Ölstudie

Arbeiter im Rübenfeld Ölstudie (1873)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Badende Knaben im Meer

Badende Knaben im Meer (1899)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Bauer Studie

Bauer Studie (1884)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Bildnis des Textilfabrikanten Carl Lewin

Bildnis des Textilfabrikanten Carl Lewin (1922)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Holländisches Bauernhaus

Holländisches Bauernhaus (1896)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Landscape
Wannseegarten

Wannseegarten (1919)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Landscape
Strand und Meer in Zandvoort – Brandungswellen

Strand und Meer in Zandvoort – Brandungswellen (1899)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Landscape
Allee mit Spaziergängern und Automobilen

Allee mit Spaziergängern und Automobilen (1924)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Landscape
Bildnis Erich Hancke – Kopfstudie

Bildnis Erich Hancke – Kopfstudie (1929)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Bildnis Theodor Stoperan

Bildnis Theodor Stoperan (1912)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Holländerin bei der Handarbeit

Holländerin bei der Handarbeit (1894)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Holländerin mit weißer Haube

Holländerin mit weißer Haube (1881)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Kind, auf einem Esel reitend

Kind, auf einem Esel reitend (1901)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Liebespaar

Liebespaar (1926)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Mädchen aus Laren beim Kartoffelschälen neben schlafendem Kind im Korb

Mädchen aus Laren beim Kartoffelschälen neben schlafendem Kind im Korb (1887)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Strandterrasse in Noordwijk (Huis ter Duin)

Strandterrasse in Noordwijk (Huis ter Duin) (1913)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Figurative
Abend am Brandenburger Tor

Abend am Brandenburger Tor (1916)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Landscape
Blick in den Wannseegarten

Blick in den Wannseegarten (1920)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Landscape
Blumenstauden am Gärtnerhaus nach Osten

Blumenstauden am Gärtnerhaus nach Osten (1928)

Max Liebermann (German, 1847-1935)
Landscape
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