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Leslie Matthew Ward
Leslie Matthew Ward

Leslie Matthew Ward

English, 1851-1922
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Sir Leslie Matthew Ward was a British portrait artist and caricaturist who over four decades painted 1,325 portraits which were regularly published by Vanity Fair, under the pseudonyms "Spy" and "Drawl". The portraits were produced as watercolours and turned into chromolithographs for publication in the magazine. These were then usually reproduced on better paper and sold as prints. Such was his influence in the genre that all Vanity Fair caricatures are sometimes referred to as "Spy cartoons" regardless of who the artist actually was.

Early portraits, almost always full-length (judges at the bench being the main exception), had a stronger element of caricature and usually distorted the proportions of the body, with a very large head and upper body supported on much smaller lower parts. Later, as he became more accepted by his social peers, and in order not to offend potential sitters, his style developed into what he called "characteristic portraits". This was less of a caricature and more of an actual portrait of the subject, using realistic body proportions.

Ward was one of eight children of artists Edward Matthew Ward and Henrietta Ward, and the great-grandson of the artist James Ward. Although they had the same surname before marriage, Ward's parents were not related. Both were well-known history painters. His mother came from a line of painters and engravers: her father was the engraver and miniature painter George Raphael Ward; her grandfather was the celebrated animal painter James Ward. She was a niece of the portrait painter John Jackson and great-niece of the painter George Morland. Both parents had studios in their homes in Slough and Kensington in London, where they regularly entertained the London artistic and literary elite. Ward's father was a gifted mimic who entertained Charles Dickens and other eminent guests. Although they never gave their son formal training, they and their artistic friends encouraged the young Ward to draw, paint, and sculpt.

Ward started caricaturing while still at school at Eton College, using his classmates and school masters as subjects. In 1867 his bust of his brother was exhibited at the Royal Academy in London. At school, Ward had been an unexceptional student, and after he left Eton in 1869 his father encouraged him to train as an architect. Ward was too afraid to tell his father that he wanted to be an artist and he spent an unhappy year in the office of the architect Sydney Smirke, who was a family friend. The artist W. P. Frith spoke to Ward's father on his behalf, and after a great deal of arguing he finally agreed to support his son's training as an artist, and Ward entered the Royal Academy Schools in 1871. In 1873 he sent some of his work to Thomas Gibson Bowles, four years after Vanity Fair was founded. This led to him being hired to replace "Ape" (Carlo Pellegrini), who had temporarily left the magazine after falling out with Bowles. As his nom de crayon, Ward suggested to Bowles that he use the name "Spy", meaning "to observe secretly, or to discover at a distance or in concealment". Ward's Spy signature was similar to Pellegrini's stylised Ape.

Ward drew 1,325 cartoons for Vanity Fair between 1873 and 1911, many of which captured the personality of his subjects. His portraits of royalty, nobility, and women, however, were over-sympathetic, if not sycophantic. Later, as he became a member of Society himself, he became even more of a complimentary portraitist, moving from caricature to what he termed "characteristic portraits", a charge he acknowledged in his autobiography Forty Years of "Spy", published in 1915.

Ward worked methodically, often from memory, after observing his 'victims' at the racecourse, in the law courts, in church, in the academy lecture theatre, or in the lobby of the Houses of Parliament. Sometimes they came to his studio to pose in their robes or uniforms. A caricaturist, Ward believed, was born, not made. He observed, "A good memory, an eye for detail, and a mind to appreciate and grasp the whole atmosphere and peculiarity of the 'subject' are of course essentials." A caricature, he noted, should never depend on a physical defect, nor should it be forced. "If I could sum up the art in a sentence it would be that caricature should be a comic impression with a kindly touch, and always devoid of vulgarity."

In an 1897 interview given by Oliver Armstrong Fry (editor of Vanity Fair) to Frank Banfield of Cassell's Magazine, it was reported that Ward received between £300 and £400 per portrait. Ward was the most famous Vanity Fair artist; indeed, the whole genre of caricatures is often referred to as "Spy cartoons". He worked for Vanity Fair for over forty years, producing more than half of the 2,387 caricatures published.

Ward's clubs included the Arts, the Orleans, the Fielding, the Lotus, the Punch Bowl, and the Beefsteak, where he was one of the original members. There he sketched many of his victims. In 1899, years after her father had refused him permission to marry her, Ward married the society hostess Judith Mary Topham-Watney, the only daughter of Major Richard Topham of the 4th Queen's Own Hussars. They had one daughter, Sidney.

Ward's last cartoon for Vanity Fair appeared in June 1911 as he had recently begun contributing his "characteristic portraits" to The World and Mayfair. He supplemented his income by painting portraits. In 1918, he was knighted. Ward prophesied that "when the history of the Victorian era comes to be written in true perspective, the most faithful mirror and record of representative men and spirit of their times will be sought and found in Vanity Fair". After a nervous breakdown Ward died suddenly of heart failure at 4 Dorset Square, Marylebone, London on 15 May 1922 and was buried on 18 May at Kensal Green Cemetery in London.

736 items

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Tess, Thomas Hardy

Tess, Thomas Hardy (1892)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
‘The Queen’s Memorial’. Thomas Brock 21 September 1905

‘The Queen’s Memorial’. Thomas Brock 21 September 1905 (1905)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘A Spelling Bee’, Mr. John Laurence Toole, July 29, 1876

Theatre; ‘A Spelling Bee’, Mr. John Laurence Toole, July 29, 1876 (1876)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘Amateur Theatricals’, Viscount Newry and Morne, October 28, 1876

Theatre; ‘Amateur Theatricals’, Viscount Newry and Morne, October 28, 1876 (1876)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘Author-Manager’, Mr. Henry Arthur Jones, April 2, 1892

Theatre; ‘Author-Manager’, Mr. Henry Arthur Jones, April 2, 1892 (1892)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘B’, Mr. Squire Bancroft Bancroft, June 13, 1891

Theatre; ‘B’, Mr. Squire Bancroft Bancroft, June 13, 1891 (1891)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘Charley’s Aunt’, Mr. William Sydney Penley, June 22, 1893

Theatre; ‘Charley’s Aunt’, Mr. William Sydney Penley, June 22, 1893 (1893)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; Edwin O’Conner Terry

Theatre; Edwin O’Conner Terry (1905)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘From Eton to the Stage’, Mr. Charles Hawtrey, May 21, 1892

Theatre; ‘From Eton to the Stage’, Mr. Charles Hawtrey, May 21, 1892 (1892)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘Goochie’, Captain Arthur Gooch, June 24, 1882

Theatre; ‘Goochie’, Captain Arthur Gooch, June 24, 1882 (1882)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘Hereditary Actor’, Mr. Henry Kemble, April 24, 1907

Theatre; ‘Hereditary Actor’, Mr. Henry Kemble, April 24, 1907 (1907)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; Mr. John Hare, March 1, 1890

Theatre; Mr. John Hare, March 1, 1890 (1890)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; Mr. William Hunter Kendal, April 20, 1893

Theatre; Mr. William Hunter Kendal, April 20, 1893 (1893)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘Spencer’, The Hon. Spencer Cecil Brabazon Ponsonby-Fane, January 26, 1878

Theatre; ‘Spencer’, The Hon. Spencer Cecil Brabazon Ponsonby-Fane, January 26, 1878 (1878)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘The Duffer’, Mr. Weedon Grossmith, November 16, 1905

Theatre; ‘The Duffer’, Mr. Weedon Grossmith, November 16, 1905 (1905)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘The Modern Wiertz’, M. Jan Van Beers, September 12, 1891

Theatre; ‘The Modern Wiertz’, M. Jan Van Beers, September 12, 1891 (1891)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘The Pinafore’, Mr. George Grossmith, January 21, 1888

Theatre; ‘The Pinafore’, Mr. George Grossmith, January 21, 1888 (1888)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Theatre; ‘The Sensation Drama’, Mr. Dion Boucicault, December 16, 1882

Theatre; ‘The Sensation Drama’, Mr. Dion Boucicault, December 16, 1882 (1882)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Tokio – Sir Claude Maxwell MacDonald. 10 Oct. 1901

Tokio – Sir Claude Maxwell MacDonald. 10 Oct. 1901 (1901)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Trade Union Officials; ‘Battersea’, John Burns, October 15, 1892

Trade Union Officials; ‘Battersea’, John Burns, October 15, 1892 (1892)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Trade Union Officials; ‘The Labourer is Worthy of his Hire’, Mr. Will Crooks, April 6, 1905

Trade Union Officials; ‘The Labourer is Worthy of his Hire’, Mr. Will Crooks, April 6, 1905 (1905)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Trade Union Officials; ‘The Working Man-Member’, Mr. Henry Broadhurst, August 9, 1884

Trade Union Officials; ‘The Working Man-Member’, Mr. Henry Broadhurst, August 9, 1884 (1884)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Trilby, George Louis Palmella Du Maurier

Trilby, George Louis Palmella Du Maurier (1896)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Turf Devotees; ‘Badminton’, The Duke of Beaufort, September 7, 1893

Turf Devotees; ‘Badminton’, The Duke of Beaufort, September 7, 1893 (1893)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Turf Devotees; ‘Billy’, Lord Lurgan, January 9, 1892

Turf Devotees; ‘Billy’, Lord Lurgan, January 9, 1892 (1892)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Turf Devotees; ‘Billy’, William Arthur Hamar Bass, September 14, 1905

Turf Devotees; ‘Billy’, William Arthur Hamar Bass, September 14, 1905 (1905)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Turf Devotees; ‘Charlie’, The Earl of Dunmore, December 14, 1878

Turf Devotees; ‘Charlie’, The Earl of Dunmore, December 14, 1878 (1878)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Turf Devotees; ‘Fife’, Mr. Anstruther-Thomson, June 17, 1882

Turf Devotees; ‘Fife’, Mr. Anstruther-Thomson, June 17, 1882 (1882)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Turf Devotees; ‘Freddy’, Sir Frederick John William Johnstone, December 7, 1878

Turf Devotees; ‘Freddy’, Sir Frederick John William Johnstone, December 7, 1878 (1878)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
Turf Devotees; ‘George Fox’, George Lane-Fox of Bramham, January 29, 1878

Turf Devotees; ‘George Fox’, George Lane-Fox of Bramham, January 29, 1878 (1878)

Leslie Matthew Ward (English, 1851-1922)
Illustration
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