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Jan Toorop
Jan Toorop

Jan Toorop

Dutch, 1858-1928
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Johannes Theodorus 'Jan' Toorop was a Dutch-Indonesian painter, who worked in various styles, including Symbolism, Art Nouveau, and Pointillism. His early work was influenced by the Amsterdam Impressionism movement.

Johannes Theodorus Toorop was born on 20 December 1858 in Purworejo on the island of Java in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia). His father was Christoffel Theodorus Toorop, a civil servant, and his mother was Maria Magdalena Cooke. He was the third of five children and lived on the island of Bangka near Sumatra until he was nine years old. He was then sent to school in Batavia on Java.

In 1869 he left Indonesia for the Netherlands, where he studied in Delft and Amsterdam. In 1880 he became a student at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam. He met the Belgian painter William Degouve de Nuncques in 1883 and the two shared a studio for a time and developed a strong friendship. From 1882 to 1886 he lived in Brussels where he joined Les XX (Les Vingts), a group of artists centred on James Ensor. Toorop worked in various styles during these years, such as Realism, Impressionism Neo-Impressionism and Post-Impressionism.

After his marriage to Annie Hall, a British woman, in 1886, Toorop alternated his time between The Hague, England and Brussels, and after 1890 also the Dutch seaside town of Katwijk aan Zee. During this period he developed his unique Symbolist style, with dynamic, unpredictable lines based on Javanese motifs, highly stylised willowy figures, and curvilinear designs.

In the late 19th century (in 1897) Toorop lived for 20 years in a small house on the market in the seaside town Domburg, Walcheren, Zeeland. He worked with a group of fellow artists, including Marinus Zwart and Piet Mondrian. There was no joint endeavor or common style among them. Each followed his individual personality, but they sought their inspiration in "the Zeeland Light", in the dunes, forests, beaches and the characteristic Zeeland population. Toorop was the center of this group.

His 1900 novel portrait of his friend Marie Jeanette de Lange was made whilst she was not wearing fashionable (restrictive) clothing and it was in the style of Pointillism.

Thereafter he turned to Art Nouveau styles, in which a similar play of lines is used for decorative purposes, without any apparent symbolic meaning. In 1905, he converted to Catholicism and began producing religious works. He also created book illustrations, posters, and stained glass designs.

Throughout his life Toorop also produced portraits, in sketch format and as paintings, which range in style from highly realistic to impressionistic.

Toorop died on 3 March 1928 in The Hague in the Netherlands. His daughter Charley Toorop (1891–1955) was also a painter, as was his grandson Edgar Fernhout.

83 items

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The New Generation

The New Generation (1892)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Illustration
Vrouwen aan zee

Vrouwen aan zee (1885 - 1897)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Figurative
Zelfportret van Jan Toorop

Zelfportret van Jan Toorop (1881)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Figurative
Arnhem, Levensverzekering maatschappij

Arnhem, Levensverzekering maatschappij (1900)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Posters
Affiche voor het toneelstuk Vénise sauvée van Thomas Otway

Affiche voor het toneelstuk Vénise sauvée van Thomas Otway (1895)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Posters
Arbeid voor de vrouw

Arbeid voor de vrouw (1898)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Posters
Boekband Metamorfoze

Boekband Metamorfoze (1868 - 1928)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Posters
Charley Toorop met hoofddoek in een leunstoel

Charley Toorop met hoofddoek in een leunstoel (1898)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Illustration
De wonderbare vischvangst

De wonderbare vischvangst (1912)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Illustration
Detailontwerp van een vrouwenhoofd voor een affiche voor het Internationaal Eucharistisch Congres gehouden te Amsterdam van 22-27 juli 1924

Detailontwerp van een vrouwenhoofd voor een affiche voor het Internationaal Eucharistisch Congres gehouden te Amsterdam van 22-27 juli 1924 (1924)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Illustration
‘Herziening der Personeele Belasting’

‘Herziening der Personeele Belasting’ (1895)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Illustration
Twee gestileerde vrouwelijke figuren met klok in de hand

Twee gestileerde vrouwelijke figuren met klok in de hand (1868 - 1928)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Illustration
Verheugd Gouda

Verheugd Gouda (1897)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Illustration
Kale beukebomen langs een beek 2

Kale beukebomen langs een beek 2 (1895)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Landscape
Portrait of Nurse Nelly

Portrait of Nurse Nelly (1894)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Figurative
Desire and Satisfaction

Desire and Satisfaction (1893)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Abstract
The Good Drink

The Good Drink (1885)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Figurative
Kinderen op het duin – Landschap bij Brussel

Kinderen op het duin – Landschap bij Brussel (1884)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Landscape
Het Gebed

Het Gebed (1906)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Illustration
De greppel (The ditch)

De greppel (The ditch) (1917)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Landscape
Annie Hall in Lissadell, Kenley

Annie Hall in Lissadell, Kenley (circa 1885)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Figurative
Head of an Old Man (study)

Head of an Old Man (study) (1882)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Figurative
At the Lawyer’s Office (study)

At the Lawyer’s Office (study) (19th century)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Figurative
Large Indian Triptych

Large Indian Triptych (1883)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Abstract
Girl resting against a haystack

Girl resting against a haystack (1904)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Landscape
Uitmonding van den Rijn ou Le Port de Katwijk

Uitmonding van den Rijn ou Le Port de Katwijk (1898)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Landscape
Vereeniging ter Bevordering van Vreemdelingenverkeer-Katwijk aan Zee

Vereeniging ter Bevordering van Vreemdelingenverkeer-Katwijk aan Zee (1900)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Posters
De schelpenvisser

De schelpenvisser (1904)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Figurative
Marguérite

Marguérite (1868 - 1928)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Figurative
Portret van een onbekende vrouw

Portret van een onbekende vrouw (1868 - 1928)

Jan Toorop (Dutch, 1858-1928)
Figurative
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