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Giovanni Battista Piranesi
Giovanni Battista Piranesi

Giovanni Battista Piranesi

Italian, 1720-1778
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Giovanni Battista (or Giambattista) Piranesi; also known as simply Piranesi; was an Italian Classical archaeologist, architect, and artist, famous for his etchings of Rome and of fictitious and atmospheric "prisons" (Le Carceri d'Invenzione). He was the father of Francesco Piranesi and Laura Piranesi.

Piranesi was born in Venice, in the parish of S. Moisè where he was baptised. His father was a stonemason. His brother Andrea introduced him to Latin literature and ancient Greco-Roman civilization, and later he was apprenticed under his uncle, Matteo Lucchesi, who was a leading architect in Magistrato delle Acque, the state organization responsible for engineering and restoring historical buildings.

From 1740, he had an opportunity to work in Rome as a draughtsman for Marco Foscarini, the Venetian ambassador of the new Pope Benedict XIV. He resided in the Palazzo Venezia and studied under Giuseppe Vasi, who introduced him to the art of etching and engraving of the city and its monuments. Giuseppe Vasi found Piranesi's talent was much greater than that of a mere engraver. According to Legrand, Vasi told Piranesi that "you are too much of a painter, my friend, to be an engraver."

After his studies with Vasi, he collaborated with pupils of the French Academy in Rome to produce a series of vedute (views) of the city; his first work was Prima parte di Architettura e Prospettive (1743), followed in 1745 by Varie Vedute di Roma Antica e Moderna.

From 1743 to 1747 he was mainly in Venice where, according to some sources, he often visited Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, a leading artist in Venice. It was Tiepolo who expanded the restrictive conventions of reproductive, topographical and antiquarian engravings. He then returned to Rome, where he opened a workshop in Via del Corso. In 1748–1774 he created an important series of vedute of the city which established his fame. In the meantime Piranesi devoted himself to the measurement of many of the ancient buildings: this led to the publication of Le Antichità Romane de' tempo della prima Repubblica e dei primi imperatori ("Roman Antiquities of the Time of the First Republic and the First Emperors"). In 1761 he became a member of the Accademia di San Luca and opened a printing house of his own. In 1762 the Campo Marzio dell'antica Roma collection of engravings was printed.

The following year he was commissioned by Pope Clement XIII to restore the choir of San Giovanni in Laterano, but the work did not materialize. In 1764, one of the Pope's nephews, Cardinal Rezzonico, appointed him to start his only architectural work, the restoration of the church of Santa Maria del Priorato in the Villa of the Knights of Malta, on Rome's Aventine Hill. He combined Classical architectural elements, trophies and escutcheons with his own particular imaginative genius for the design of the facade of the church and the walls of the adjacent Piazza dei Cavalieri di Malta.

In 1767 he was made a knight of the Golden Spur, which enabled him to sign himself "Cav[aliere] Piranesi". In 1769 his publication of a series of ingenious and sometimes bizarre designs for chimneypieces, as well as an original range of furniture pieces, established his place as a versatile and resourceful designer. In 1776 he created his best known work as a 'restorer' of ancient sculpture, the Piranesi Vase, and in 1777–78 he published Avanzi degli Edifici di Pesto (Remains of the Edifices of Paestum).

He died in Rome in 1778 after a long illness, and was buried in the church he had helped restore, Santa Maria del Priorato. His tomb was designed by Giuseppi Angelini.

50 items

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The Triumphal Arch

The Triumphal Arch (1745–50)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Drawings
A Fantastic Vase

A Fantastic Vase (1746-1747)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Drawings
Coat of Arms of Clement XIII (Rezzonico)

Coat of Arms of Clement XIII (Rezzonico) (1758–69)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Drawings
A Man Leaning on a Structure

A Man Leaning on a Structure (later 1760s)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Drawings
A Pregnant Young Woman and a Young Man with a Staff

A Pregnant Young Woman and a Young Man with a Staff (1750s)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Drawings
A Young Man with a Staff

A Young Man with a Staff (c. 1765)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Drawings
Fragment of a Lion Bas-Relief (verso)

Fragment of a Lion Bas-Relief (verso) (1750s)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Drawings
Scherzo with Antique Figures

Scherzo with Antique Figures (1744-1745)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Drawings
The Carrying of the Cross

The Carrying of the Cross (1747)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Drawings
The ‘Canopus’ of the Villa Adriana at Tivoli

The ‘Canopus’ of the Villa Adriana at Tivoli (1776)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Drawings
Fantasy of an Ancient Bath

Fantasy of an Ancient Bath (1755-1760)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Landscape
Carcere I. Portada

Carcere I. Portada

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Landscape
The Octagonal Room in the Small Baths at the Villa of Hadrian (Tivoli)

The Octagonal Room in the Small Baths at the Villa of Hadrian (Tivoli) (ca. 1777)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Landscape
Two Men Holding Long Staffs

Two Men Holding Long Staffs (1720-78)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Drawings
View through the Herculaneum Gate, Pompeii

View through the Herculaneum Gate, Pompeii (1778)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Landscape
An Ancient Port

An Ancient Port (1749–1750)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Landscape
Four Studies of a Male Figure

Four Studies of a Male Figure (1760–1765)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Drawings
Veduta with the Temple of Jove

Veduta with the Temple of Jove (circa 1750 - 1758)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Landscape
Perspective of Arches, with a Smoking Fire, Plate 6 from Carceri d’Invenzione

Perspective of Arches, with a Smoking Fire, Plate 6 from Carceri d’Invenzione (1749)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Landscape
The Drawbridge

The Drawbridge (circa 1749 - 1750)

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720-1778)
Landscape
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