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Francisco de Goya
Francisco de Goya

Francisco de Goya

Spanish, 1746 - 1828
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Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries and throughout his long career was a commentator and chronicler of his era. Immensely successful in his lifetime, Goya is often referred to as both the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns. He was also one of the great portraitists of his time.

Goya was born to a lower-middle-class family in 1746, in Fuendetodos in Aragon. He studied painting from age 14 under José Luzán y Martinez and moved to Madrid to study with Anton Raphael Mengs. He married Josefa Bayeu in 1773; their life was characterised by an almost constant series of pregnancies and miscarriages, and only one child, a son, survived into adulthood. Goya became a court painter to the Spanish Crown in 1786 and this early portion of his career is marked by portraits of the Spanish aristocracy and royalty, and Rococo-style tapestry cartoons designed for the royal palace.

He was guarded, and although letters and writings survive, little is known about his thoughts. He suffered a severe and undiagnosed illness in 1793 which left him deaf, after which his work became progressively darker and pessimistic. His later easel and mural paintings, prints and drawings appear to reflect a bleak outlook on personal, social and political levels, and contrast with his social climbing. He was appointed Director of the Royal Academy in 1795, the year Manuel Godoy made an unfavorable treaty with France. In 1799, Goya became Primer Pintor de Cámara (Prime Court Painter), the highest rank for a Spanish court painter. In the late 1790s, commissioned by Godoy, he completed his La maja desnuda, a remarkably daring nude for the time and clearly indebted to Diego Velázquez. In 1800–01 he painted Charles IV of Spain and His Family, also influenced by Velázquez.

In 1807, Napoleon led the French army into the Peninsular War against Spain. Goya remained in Madrid during the war, which seems to have affected him deeply. Although he did not speak his thoughts in public, they can be inferred from his Disasters of War series of prints (although published 35 years after his death) and his 1814 paintings The Second of May 1808 and The Third of May 1808. Other works from his mid-period include the Caprichos and Los Disparates etching series, and a wide variety of paintings concerned with insanity, mental asylums, witches, fantastical creatures and religious and political corruption, all of which suggest that he feared for both his country's fate and his own mental and physical health.

His late period culminates with the Black Paintings of 1819–1823, applied on oil on the plaster walls of his house the Quinta del Sordo (House of the Deaf Man) where, disillusioned by political and social developments in Spain, he lived in near isolation. Goya eventually abandoned Spain in 1824 to retire to the French city of Bordeaux, accompanied by his much younger maid and companion, Leocadia Weiss, who may or may not have been his lover. There he completed his La Tauromaquia series and a number of other, major, canvases.

Following a stroke which left him paralyzed on his right side, and suffering failing eyesight and poor access to painting materials, he died and was buried on 16 April 1828 aged 82. His body was later re-interred in the Real Ermita de San Antonio de la Florida in Madrid. Famously, the skull was missing, a detail the Spanish consul immediately communicated to his superiors in Madrid, who wired back, "Send Goya, with or without head."

241 items

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Saint Gregory the Great, Pope

Saint Gregory the Great, Pope (1796-1799)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Religion
Aparición de San Isidoro al Rey Fernando el Santo ante los muros de Sevilla

Aparición de San Isidoro al Rey Fernando el Santo ante los muros de Sevilla (between 1798 and 1800)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Religion
Saint Isabel of Portugal Healing the Wounds of a Sick Woman

Saint Isabel of Portugal Healing the Wounds of a Sick Woman (1799)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Religion
St Hermenegild in Prision

St Hermenegild in Prision (1799)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Religion
Allegory of Love, Cupid and Psyche

Allegory of Love, Cupid and Psyche (1798 - 1805)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Mythology
Don Vicente Isabel Osorio de Moscoso y Álvarez de Toledo, Conde de Trastámara

Don Vicente Isabel Osorio de Moscoso y Álvarez de Toledo, Conde de Trastámara

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Figurative
Incendio de un hospital

Incendio de un hospital (1808-1812)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Landscape
A caza de dientes. (Out hunting for teeth.)

A caza de dientes. (Out hunting for teeth.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
A Woman and a Horse, Let Someone Else Master Them [The Horse-Abductor] (La Mujer y el Potro, Que los Dome Otro [El Caballo Raptor])

A Woman and a Horse, Let Someone Else Master Them [The Horse-Abductor] (La Mujer y el Potro, Que los Dome Otro [El Caballo Raptor]) (ca. 1813-1820)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
After Vice Comes Fornication [Simpleton] (Tras el Vicio Viene el Fornicio [Bobalicón])

After Vice Comes Fornication [Simpleton] (Tras el Vicio Viene el Fornicio [Bobalicón]) (ca. 1813-1820)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Aguarda que te unten. (Wait till you’ve been anointed.)

Aguarda que te unten. (Wait till you’ve been anointed.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Al Conde Palatino. (To the Count Palatine [or] Count of the Palate)

Al Conde Palatino. (To the Count Palatine [or] Count of the Palate) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Allá vá eso. (There it goes.)

Allá vá eso. (There it goes.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Aquellos polbos. (Those specks of dust.)

Aquellos polbos. (Those specks of dust.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Asta su Abuelo. (And so was his grandfather.)

Asta su Abuelo. (And so was his grandfather.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Bellos consejos. (Pretty teachings.)

Bellos consejos. (Pretty teachings.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Bien tirada está. (It is nicely stretched.)

Bien tirada está. (It is nicely stretched.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Brabisimo! (Bravo!)

Brabisimo! (Bravo!) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Buen Viage. (Bon voyage.)

Buen Viage. (Bon voyage.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Chiton. (Hush.)

Chiton. (Hush.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Correccion. (Correction.)

Correccion. (Correction.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
De que mal morira (Of what ill will he die)

De que mal morira (Of what ill will he die) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Despacha, que dispiértan. (Be quick, they are waking up.)

Despacha, que dispiértan. (Be quick, they are waking up.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Devota profesion. (Devout profession.)

Devota profesion. (Devout profession.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Dios la perdone; Y era su madre. (For heaven’s sake; and it was her mother.)

Dios la perdone; Y era su madre. (For heaven’s sake; and it was her mother.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Do Not Lose Honour through Fear [Folly of Fear] (Por Temor No Pierdas Honor [Disparate de Miedo])

Do Not Lose Honour through Fear [Folly of Fear] (Por Temor No Pierdas Honor [Disparate de Miedo]) (ca. 1813-1820)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Donde vá mamá (Where is mother going)

Donde vá mamá (Where is mother going) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
Duendecitos. (Hobgoblins.)

Duendecitos. (Hobgoblins.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
El amor y la muerte. (Love and death.)

El amor y la muerte. (Love and death.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
El de la rollona. (Nanny’s boy.)

El de la rollona. (Nanny’s boy.) (1796-1797)

Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746 - 1828)
Illustration
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